25-1 Roots of the Cold War

Vocabulary sphere- area of interest or influence hostile - unfriendly, opposing iron curtain- way of referring to a barrier to understanding and information satellite- country ruled by another nation containment- to contain or limit airlift- sending cargo planes to deliver tons of supplies to the people veto- reject

Growing Distrust Differences rose among the Allies even before the war ended In the final months of war Churchill,Stalin, and Roosevelt met at a resort in the Soviet Union There, Stalin promised to have free elections in the areas under his control Soviet troops were occupying most of Eastern Europe Instead of doing as he promised he continued to establish Communist governments, he realized free elections would mean non-Communists governments He wanted to build a ring of friendly countries to protect the western borders of the SU After the ring was built he hoped to make the SU the most dominant power Churchill began warning about the Soviet threat By 1948 most of the nations of Eastern Europe were satellites of the Soviet Union Hostile threats of Communists were in Southern and Western Europe

Containing Soviet Expansion The Cold War began when many Americans worried about the nation leadership Harry Truman became president after Franklin Roosevelt died in April of 1945 Truman was not well known and as VP his leadership had not been tested The first challenges with the Cold War he faced were in Greece, Iran, and Turkey After the war Communists led a revolt in Greece, they threatened to take over the government At the same time the Soviet government began to threaten Turkey and Iran

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan In 1947, President Truman made a request to Congress to aid Greece and Turkey. The U.S opposed this. The military aid could not contain communism. They said the capitalist system was powerless. After WWII Europe was in ruins. For the Secretary of State George Marshall to meet this crisis they proposed a plan on June 1947 The U.S loaned the Western Europeans more than $12 billion The plan was a success and it helped a lot of countries recover from the war. The American dollars built schools, factories, hospitals, railroads, and bridges.

The Berlin Airlift The focus of the Cold War shifted to Germany At the Yalta Conference the Allies decided to divide Germany into four zones American, British, French, and Soviet troops would control the zones Berlin, inside of the Soviet controlled zone, was also split into four zones By 1948 Western powers believed it was time to put Germany back together In June of 1948 the Soviets set up a blockade around Berlin Prevented delivery of food to West Berlin’s two million people Stalin said the Western Allies would accept the Communists take over of West Berlin The Allies responded with a massive airlift, for almost one year they delivered The Soviets finally stopped their blockade in May of 1949 In October France, Britain, and the US combined their zones into one country, the Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany The Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic, or East Germany

Cold War Crisis A divided, Germany and Berlin remained in a focus of Cold war Between 1949 and 1961 East Germany fled to West Berlin Suddenly the East German government began building a wall . The wall stood for 28 years and symbols the divided Germany and Europe

The United Nations The main goal in the UN was to maintain settle international disputes and peace Every nation large or small will have a vote in the General Assembly, but the Assembly has no way to enforce its decisions The Security Council has 15 members and only 5 of them are permanent ( U.S, Russia, China, Britain and France) They have the power to veto(or reject) any proposal before it reaches the Security Council but only if one permanent votes no The UN has provided tons of goods, clothing, and medicine to victims

NATO and the Warsaw Alliance In April of 1949 the US and other Western nations made the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) A formal military alliance guard against a Soviet attack Members agreed that an attack on one member would mean an attack on all members

The Shocks of 1949 Until the 1949 the U.S thought that they were safe because they knew how to build an atomic bomb. By September 1949 the Soviet Union exploded there own bomb Each Nation was within reach of power to destroy the other Shortly after America got another shock Since the 1930s China had been a battleground between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists In the final months of 1949 the Nationalist government collapsed and China fell under the Communist control Under the lead of Mao Zedong the People's Republic of China was establish The Chinese Nationalist fled to the island of Taiwan The US insisted that Taiwan was the legal government of China It refused to recognize the People's Republic and kept the UN from admitting Communists China to its spot on the Security Council

By: Otajia & Shawna