Quarter 4 Exam General Science 1

On a graph, the x-axis will identify the ________________________________ variable, while the y-axis will identify the ____________________________________ variable.   Independent; dependent

What is the ultimate energy source for plants and ecosystems? The sun

What do green plants convert light energy into? Chemical potential energy in the form of sugars

How do most cells release the energy stored in glucose? Cellular respiration

What is a food chain? What is a food web? A feeding relationship between a producer and a single chain of consumers; interactions between multiple food chains

What is a producer? What is a consumer? A producer can make its own food; a consumer gets energy by consuming other organisms

What do Dot Diagrams represent? Outer electrons (valence electrons)

Where are electrons located in the atom? Protons? Neutrons? Electrons- in the electron cloud outside the nucleus Protons and neutrons- in the nucleus

When is an atom considered chemically stable? Its outer energy level contains all the electrons it can hold

Through which process are polysaccharides made- dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis? Explain. Dehydration synthesis is the removal of water to form a bond between monomers to build polymers

Through which process are disaccharides changed to monosaccharides- dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis? Explain. Hydrolysis is the addition of water to break bonds between monomers building the polymer

What are the four macromolecules? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Which of the four macromolecules stores and transmits genetic information? Nucleic acids

Hydrogen bonds allow water to have specific properties Hydrogen bonds allow water to have specific properties. When water molecules stick to the side of the glass this is demonstrating…? adhesion

What are the building blocks (monomers) of carbohydrates? Monosaccharides like glucose

What are the monomers of a protein? Amino acids

What does an enzyme do? Draw and label the parts of an enzyme. Enzymes lower the activation energy required to convert reactants to products in biological reactions A-enzyme B-active site C-substrate D-enzyme -substrate complex E-product

What is activation energy? The energy required to convert reactants to products

What is pH? A measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

If a solution has more H+ than OH- ions, is it considered an acid or base? More H+= acidic solution More Oh- = basic solution

What are the characteristics of life? All living things : are made of cells, obtain and use energy, respond to their environment, grow and develop, are based on a universal genetic code, reproduce, and evolve

How many of the characteristics must an organism possess to be considered living? All of the characteristics

What is biology? The study of life

What causes an organism to react to its environment? A stimulus

What is one word that describes change over time? evolution

What type of reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring? Asexual reproduction

How are bacteria and archaea different? The composition of their cell wall

How can prokaryotes survive unfavorable conditions? They form an endospore

What do decomposers do? They break down dead organisms and waste

What are the bacterial shapes and names? Cocci-spherical Bacilli-rod Spirilla-spiral

What two characteristics distinguish prokaryotes from other organisms? Unicellular and lack a nucleus

Which domain contains bacteria and archaea? Prokaryote

Define: Obligate aerobe-Require oxygen; cellular respiration only   Obligate anaerobe-Require lack of oxygen; fermentation only   Facultative anaerobe-either process

What is binary fission? prokaryotes double in size, replicate DNA, and split in two