Before Spanish rule What was happening?

Crusades Purpose To take back control of Christian Holy sites from the Muslims Unplanned result Merchants sold spices, sugar, silk, etc. from China and India European Interest grew about Asia Trade grew with wealthy merchants who could make lots of money trading with Asia

Growth of Ideas Classical works were studied Science new and old ideas were tested The performed experiments and evaluated results Arts also influenced Authors wrote about the individual place in universe Sculpture and architecture were studied harmony and balance was a part of this study

Growth of Ideas-Renaissance Period of intellectual and artistic creativity Renaissance Means Rebirth Rebirth of interest in classical Greek & Roman ideas Spread across Europe for two centuries Changed how Europeans thought about themselves & the world Set stage for and age of exploration and discovery

Religious Rivalries Martin Luther - German Priest nailed a list of complaints on the door of the local Catholic Church He questioned power & authority of Leaders He wanted to spark reform Pope rejected his ideas Had to leave Started the Reformation movement

Reformation Movement to reform A movement lead to a new form of Christianity Protestantism Difference is they did not accept the Pope as their leader Lead to widespread conflict within and between the nations of Europe

Religious Rivalries in Europe King Henry VIII (England) left Catholic Church Daughter later reform Established England as a Protestant Nation Common for Kings to insist on having this religion If you did not then could lose land and fortunes Many unhappy Conflict with Spain arose

More Conflict King of Spain makes plans to invade England Invasion if successful could overthrow Protestantism Spain sent an armada (fleet of ships) to England England got the upper hand Spanish Armada was the mightiest naval force England ended Spanish control of the seas Way now clear for England to set up colonies in North America.

Religious Rivalries in North America Catholics from Spain and France were spreading their religion Dutch and English Protestants set up along Atlantic coast Religious rivalries set up between these settlements

Northwest Passage Explorers wanted to find or discover a Northwest Passage to Asia A direct water route through the Americas John Cabot sent by English to look for a northern route

Life under Spanish Rule

What effect did Spanish rule have on society? Three kinds of settlements were established by the Spanish in the Americas Pueblos Missions Presidio

Pueblos or Towns Were considered centers of trade

Missions Religious communities

Presidio Type of fort Usually built near a mission.

Juan de Onate Traveled from Mexico Established Spanish presence in the lands north. Assigned to convert native people to Christianity 1598 he established or founded the province of New Mexico Introduced horses, and cattle First city is Santa Fe became capital

Spanish Society Clear class system Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Native Americans and enslaved Africans

Peninsulares People who were born in Spain

Creoles People born in America parents Spanish

Mestizos People who had one Spanish parent and one Native American parent

Native Am. & Enslaved Africans Native Am. Most lived in poverty Africans did live in poverty

Spanish Class System People who were born in Spain Peninsulares Land owners Leaders in government Heads of the Catholic Church Spanish Class System People born in America parents Spanish Could hold some public offices Creoles People who had one Spanish parent and one Native American parent Could not hold public office Mestizos Native Am. Most lived in poverty Africans did live in poverty Not well liked Could not hold public office Native Am. & Enslaved Africans

Plantation System Not all sought gold Spanish developed a plantation system Means a system to raise crops Plantation is a large farm

Slave labor used Plantations used slave labor to run the big farms First they used Native Americans Las Casas- a Spanish priest Suggested using enslaved Africans instead of Native Americans Why? Native Am. Were dying at an extreme amount their populations was dwindling fast. He regretted this suggestion later By the late 1500’s slave labor was an essential part of the economy of the colonies.

Affect on Native Americans California’s Native American groups had a well ordered societies before the Spanish arrived They hunted, Fished, and gathered plants for food The Spanish disrupted their way of life They were forced to convert to Christianity They had to live and work on the missions They had to work in the mines