Presidential Reconstruction Chapter 12 Section 1 Pages 424-429

3 Minute Madness What does the word reconstruct mean? How would “reconstruct” relate to the period after the Civil War?

Setting the Scene Turn to page 424 and read about what it was like for former Confederate Val C. Giles to return home at the end of the Civil War.

Essential Question What issues need to be resolved during the Reconstruction time period?

Issues Millions of slaves now freed A Southern army with millions who had fought against the United States 11 Southern states who had left the United States A destroyed Southern economy and wasted cities Massive amounts of property in the South up for grabs

If you were President… Individually – Based off of the issues discussed on the previous slide take 10 minutes to create 3 questions that need to be answered during Reconstruction. In groups – Answer the same questions as a group…Your group must agree on all answers.

Questions that need to be answered What will be the status of former slaves? How will the land of plantation owners be distributed if at all? What do we do with soldiers who killed Union troops? Who will pay for the physical Reconstruction of the South? How will state governments come back to the Union? Under what conditions? Who will get to vote? What to do about violence against freedmen?

Conclusion Respond to the poll and leave a reply on how you feel the South should be punished.

3 Minute Madness

Essential Question What did Lincoln and Johnson’s Reconstruction plans both focus on?

Reconstruction Plans Lincoln’s plan Johnson’s plan Each state could create a new constitution without Lincoln’s 10 percent allegiance requirement. States had to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt. Although it officially denied pardons to all Confederate leaders, Johnson often issued pardons to those who asked him personally. Denied pardons to officers and anyone who had killed African American war prisoners. Permitted each state to create a new constitution after 10 percent of voters took an oath of allegiance. Offered pardons to Southerners who swore allegiance. States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union.

Read The Taste of Freedom on pages 427-429. What were four basic freedoms that blacks took advantage of when they were given freedom? What was one of the first things freed blacks did when they had the freedom of movement? Why was there a rumor that the government was going to give all freedmen “forty acres and a mule?” How did the Freedmen’s Bureau help black southerners adjust to freedom?

A Wounded Nation: All Americans Struggle to Recover after the Civil War http://172.17.0.9/?a=35989&ch=1 http://172.17.0.9/?a=35989&ch=2

Test Question #1 What was the main difference between the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln and Johnson? (A) Johnson’s plan denied pardons to Confederate military and government officials. (B) Lincoln’s plan gave voting rights to African Americans. (C) Johnson’s plan allowed southern states to hold conventions without the 10 percent allegiance clause. (D) Lincoln’s plan offered land to freed African Americans.

Test Question #2 What was the first major federally funded relief agency in the United States? (A) The Red Cross (B) The Freedmen’s Bureau (C) The United Hospital System (D)The Agency for Public Schooling

Test Question #1 What was the main difference between the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln and Johnson? (A) Johnson’s plan denied pardons to Confederate military and government officials. (B) Lincoln’s plan gave voting rights to African Americans. (C) Johnson’s plan allowed southern states to hold conventions without the 10 percent allegiance clause. (D)Lincoln’s plan offered land to freed African Americans.

Test Question #2 What was the first major federally funded relief agency in the United States? (A) The Red Cross (B) The Freedmen’s Bureau (C) The United Hospital System (D)The Agency for Public Schooling

Congressional Reconstruction Chapter 12 Section 2 Pages 430 - 435

3 Minute Madness Describe a situation in your life where you were in an argument or a fight with someone who you became friendly with afterwards. Was it difficult or easy to be friendly with this person? Explain why it was difficult or easy. Explain why you think the reunion of the North and South after the war was especially difficult to accomplish?

Analyze this statement: “Reconstruction was an extension of the Civil War” How did the issues involved in punishing or pardoning the South continue to divide the North and the South?

Setting the Scene Open your book to page 430 and read about why the initial surge of joy at gaining freedom quickly faded

Essential Question What were the causes and effects of Congressional Reconstruction?

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Violence against African Americans in the South increases Congress takes Over Reconstruction

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Violence against African Americans in the South increases Southern defiance of Reconstruction enrages northern Republicans in Congress. Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Violence against African Americans in the South increases Southern defiance of Reconstruction enrages northern Republicans in Congress. Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS Civil Rights Act of 1866

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Violence against African Americans in the South increases Southern defiance of Reconstruction enrages northern Republicans in Congress. Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Violence against African Americans in the South increases Southern defiance of Reconstruction enrages northern Republicans in Congress. Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment Reconstruction Act of 1867

Congress takes Over Reconstruction CAUSES Many southerners do not accept the end of slavery New southern governments enact black codes Violence against African Americans in the South increases Southern defiance of Reconstruction enrages northern Republicans in Congress. Congress takes Over Reconstruction EFFECTS Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment Reconstruction Act of 1867

“Radical” Reconstruction Act of 1867 Put South under military rule Create new state constitutions Required states to allow all male voters, including African Americans, the right to vote. Barred Confederate supporters from voting Guaranteed equal rights to all citizens Required states to ratify the 14th Amendment

Reconstruction and Rebuilding: Congress Takes Charge of Reconstruction http://172.17.0.9/?a=35989&ch=3 http://172.17.0.9/?a=35989&ch=4

Read Black Codes and The Fourteenth Amendment on pages 430-431. What were the Black Codes and who put them in place? Give 2 examples of the Black Codes. What did Congress do to change the Black Code situation? What did Congress do after it overrode the Presidents veto of the Civil Rights Act?

After the Civil War, was it possible to put America back together the way it was before the war? Why? Why not? What would have been necessary for America to allow greater liberty for all people during the Reconstruction Era? What do you think was the greatest success of the Reconstruction Era? Why? What do you think was the greatest failure or problem of the Reconstruction Era? Why? How did Southern whites try to resist freedom for the former slaves? List three ways. If you were President, under what terms would you have allowed the Confederate States to rejoin the United States?

Test Question #1– Section 2 What did the Fourteenth Amendment Guarantee? (A) Voting rights for African Americans (B) The rights of white planters to keep their land (C) Civil rights for all citizens of the United States (D)Congress’s right to amend the Constitution

Test Question #1– Section 2 What did the Fourteenth Amendment Guarantee? (A) Voting rights for African Americans (B) The rights of white planters to keep their land (C) Civil rights for all citizens of the United States (D)Congress’s right to amend the Constitution

Test Question #2 – Section 2 Which one of these was a provision of the Reconstruction Act of 1867? (A) Supporters of the Confederacy were temporarily barred from voting. (B) Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas. (C) Southern land was redistributed to freedmen. (D)African Americans were given money for education

Test Question #2 – Section 2 Which one of these was a provision of the Reconstruction Act of 1867? (A) Supporters of the Confederacy were temporarily barred from voting. (B) Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas. (C) Southern land was redistributed to freedmen. (D) African Americans were given money for education

Birth of the “New South” Chapter 12 Section 3 Pages 436-440

3 Minute Madness Think about the type of people who might be drawn to help rebuild the south. Would their interests be mainly for the good of society, for their own personal gain, or both.

Setting the Scene Turn to page 436 and read about how the Holtzclaw family (a former slave family) struggled to get ahead.

Essential Question What economic changes occurred in the South during Reconstruction?

Economic Changes in the South Labor Farming Industry

Economic Changes in the South Labor Farming Industry

Labor Loss of slave labor Workers attempt to find higher-paying jobs, such as jobs working on railroads. Few laborers available to pick cotton

Farming Sharecropping emerges, resulting in cycle of debt Tenant farming emerges Emphasis on cash crops Rise of merchants

Industry Railroads rebuilt and extended Cities grow, along with commerce and population Focus on early, less profitable stages of manufacturing

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. 5. 2. 4. 3.

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 5. 2. 4. 3.

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 5. 2. Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop 4. 3.

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 5. 2. Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop 4. 3. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing and food.

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 5. 2. Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop 4. At harvest time, the sharecropper owes more to the landlord than his share of the crop is worth. 3. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing and food.

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 5. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord. 2Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop 4. At harvest time, the sharecropper owes more to the landlord than his share of the crop is worth. 3. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing and food.

Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 5. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord. 2. Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop. 4. At harvest time, the sharecropper owes more to the landlord than his share of the crop is worth. 3. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing and food.

Reading Comprehension Funding Reconstruction pages 439-440 What was the “gospel of prosperity?” How did the need to rebuild America’s infrastructure provide job opportunities to citizens? Where did the money to rebuild America’s infrastructure come from? Who participated in the corruption that took place during Reconstruction?

Sharecropping http://172.17.0.9/?a=24065&ch=8

Test Question #1- Ch12 Sec 3 How was sharecropping different from tenant farming? (A) Tenant farmers were promised a share of the crop at harvest time. (B) Tenant farmers could not leave the plantation if they owed money to the planter. (C) Tenant farmers could choose which crops to plant. (D)Planters usually provided housing for the tenant farmers.

Test Question #1- Ch12 Sec 3 How was sharecropping different from tenant farming? (A) Tenant farmers were promised a share of the crop at harvest time. (B) Tenant farmers could not leave the plantation if they owed money to the planter. (C) Tenant farmers could choose which crops to plant. (D)Planters usually provided housing for the tenant farmers

Test Question #2- Ch12 Sec 3 Why was industrialization more successful in the North than in the South? (A) Southerners did not put emphasis on rebuilding their infrastructure. (B) Southern industrial growth came from cotton mills. (C) Southern factories handled the earlier, less profitable stages of manufacturing. (D)Southern states spent too much money on building public schools.

Test Question #2- Ch12 Sec 3 Why was industrialization more successful in the North than in the South? (A) Southerners did not put emphasis on rebuilding their infrastructure. (B) Southern industrial growth came from cotton mills. (C) Southern factories handled the earlier, less profitable stages of manufacturing. (D)Southern states spent too much money on building public schools.

The End of Reconstruction Chapter 12 Section 4 Pages 442-445

3 Minute Madness List as many hate groups as you can. What do you think motivates these groups? Why do you think the Ku Klux Klan was formed and what do you think the group intended to accomplish?

Setting the Scene Open your books to page 442 and follow along as I read the Setting the Scene section>

Essential Q uestion What were the successes and failures of Reconstruction?

Democrats regain power Federal troops withdraw from South Failures The End of Reconstruction Reasons Corruption The economy Violence Democrats regain power Federal troops withdraw from South Failures bitterness remains Industrialization is slow African Americans denied right to vote Cycle of poverty remains Racist attitudes continue Successes Union restored Economic growth 14th and 15th amendments Freedmen’s Bureau Education

An End to African American Suffrage 1860s Reconstruction begins. 1870s Reconstruction ends. 1950s-1960s Civil Rights movement begins. 1900s-1940s Jim Crow laws prevent African Americans from voting

The Ku Klux Klan Persecute African Americans in the South http://172.17.0.9/?a=38505&ch=5

Successes and Failures of Reconstruction Union is restored. Many white southerners remain bitter toward the federal government and the Republican Party. The South’s economy grows and new wealth is created in the North. The South is slow to industrialize. Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments guarantee African Americans the rights of citizenship, equal protection under the law, and suffrage. After federal troops are withdrawn, southern state governments and terrorist organizations effectively deny African Americans the right to vote. Freedmen’s Bureau and other organizations help many black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling. Many black and white southerners remain caught in a cycle of poverty. Southern states adopt a system of mandatory education. Racist attitudes toward African Americans continue, in both the South and the North.

A Failed Revolution: Reconstruction Ends http://172.17.0.9/?a=35989&ch=5

Setting the Scene