Ming Dynasty China Background The European voyages of exploration had let to opportunities of trade….By the time Portuguese ships dropped anchor off the Chinese coast in 1514, the Chinese had driven out their Mongol rulers and united under a new dynasty. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Ming rulers not going to allow outsiders from distant lands to threaten peace and prosperity the Ming had brought to China .when they ended Mongol rule The Ming dynasty was the last native Chinese dynasty in China - “Ming” means brightness, The name was chosen by the first Ming Emperor as a contrast to the dark period in which the dynasty came to power

Qing Dynasty China Background 1644, Manchus invaded China and established the Qing Dynasty ruled China for over 260 years upheld traditional Confucian beliefs and social structures Manchuria

Qing Dynasty China Rulers Kangxi (kahng shee) Became emperor in 1661 and ruled for 60 years Reduced government expenses Lowered taxes Placed intellectual people and scholars in government offices

Qing Dynasty China Rulers Qian-Long (chyahn lung) Ruled from 1736-1795 Expanded the borders of China Made China more prosperous

Qing Dynasty China Foreign Policy Viewed China as the cultural center of the universe Welcomed foreigners but made them follow many restrictions Had to pay tribute to Qing rulers Could only trade at certain ports Had to “kowtow” to Qing rulers (kneel before them and touch head to the ground nine times)

Qing Dynasty China Society The use of irrigation and fertilizer helped to increase food production, leading to a population increase Men dominated the household Families lived with paternal grandparents to ensure that aging parents could be helped with farming Female infanticide (killing infants) Women’s rights were very limited

Tokugawa Japan Background A civil war in 1467 began an era of disorder and rule by local war lords Daimyos were feudal lords who controlled private armies of samurai warriors

Tokugawa Japan Rulers Oda Nobunaga (oh-dah noh-boo-nah-gah) A powerful daimyo who seized Japan’s capital in 1568 He believed in ruling the empire by force Eliminated all enemies Committed suicide when one of his powerful generals betrayed him

Tokugawa Japan Rulers Tokugawa Ieyasu (ee-ye-ya-soo) Became the shogun, or “sole ruler”, in 1603 Unified Japan Maintained control of daimyo by requiring them to spend half their time living in Japan’s capital & holding their families hostage when they returned home to their lands Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate (dynasty of shoguns that ruled unified Japan until 1867)

Tokugawa Japan Foreign Policy At first, welcomed foreigners Began to dislike the influence that Christian missionaries had on Japanese culture (abandoning traditional beliefs & fear of uprising) Banned Christianity in 1612 and began to persecute all Christians In 1639, began a “closed country policy” Only one port remained open to foreigners, but only Dutch and Chinese traders were allowed Japanese were forbidden from leaving Japan

Tokugawa Japan Society Confucian values emphasized agriculture, not business Increased population and urbanization Emperor (no power) , Shogun (military commander) Daimyo (powerful landholding samurai) Samurai (warriors) Peasants, artisans Merchants

Review: Who’s Who? Kangxi Qian-Long Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu Placed intellectual people and scholars in government offices Became the shogun “sole ruler” in 1603 He believed in ruling the empire by force Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate Committed suicide when one of his powerful generals betrayed him Reduced government expenses & lowered taxes Maintained control of daimyo by requiring them to spend half their time living in Japan’s capital & holding their families hostage Expanded the borders of China and made China more prosperous Kangxi Tokugawa Ieyasu Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu Nobunaga Kangxi Tokugawa Ieyasu Qian-Long

Review: China or Japan? China Japan Japan China Japan China Japan Invaded by Manchus in 1644 who set up the Qing Dynasty Confucian values emphasized agriculture, not business Authority figure was a shogun (military commander) Female infanticide common Banned Christianity in 1612 & persecuted Christians Required foreign traders to “kowtow” before Qing Emperor Had a “closed country policy” Forbade natives from leaving the country Had a feudal period where daimyo controlled private armies of samurai warriors Men dominated household & women’s rights were limited China Japan Japan China Japan China Japan Japan Japan China