Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 14 Understanding Money and Banking
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, and wants it back the minute it begins to rain. ~ Mark Twain
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Key Topics Money and its forms in the U.S. U.S. financial institutions How banks create money and how they are regulated The Federal Reserve system Changes in the financial industry International banking and finance
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc $$$ Money $$$ Anything generally accepted as a means of paying for goods and services Symbol Economy, productivity, GDP NOT precious metal
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Characteristics of a Good Money System Divisible Portable Durable Hard to Counterfeit Stable in Value
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Life Span of Currency Source: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Functions of Money Medium of Exchange Store of Value Unit of Account
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Cost of Producing U.S. Coins Golden Dollar cents Half Dollar 9.93 cents Quarter 4.29 cents Dime 1.88 cents Nickel 3.13 cents Penny.81 cents Source:
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Amount of $ in Circulation per Person Source: New Designs for Your Money, U.S. Dept. of Treasury
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Money Supply M1: Spendable Currency Demand deposits M2: Spendable plus Convertible Time deposits Money market mutual funds Savings deposit
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Money Supply Currency Demand Deposits = Total M1 + Time Deposits & Money Market Accts. Total M2 *SA *SA = Seasonally Adjusted + =
The Total Money Supply
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Money Supply (trillions) Money Supply Growth M-1 M-2
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Credit Cards A Major Financial Force Credit cards accounted for almost half of all transactions for the year 2000 Credit cards are a large and growing business Convenient for users Highly profitable for issuers
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc U.S. Financial Institutions Commercial Banks Diversification and mergers Commercial interest rates Savings and Loan Associations Mutual Savings Banks
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc U.S. Financial Institutions Credit Unions Non-Deposit Institutions Pension funds Insurance companies Finance companies Securities investment dealers
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Special Financial Services Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAS) Trust Services International Services Currency exchange Letters of credit Bankers acceptance
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Special Financial Services Financial advice and brokerage services Automated teller machines Electronic funds transfer
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Banks As Creators of Money $100.00$10.00$90.00$ Deposit Money held in Reserve by Bank Money to Lend Total Supply
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Federal Reserve System Structure Board of governors Reserve banks Member banks Functions Banking for the government Banking for banks Controlling the money supply
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Reserve requirements Discount rate controls Open market operations Selective credit controls Controlling the Money Supply The Tools of the Fed
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Changing Money and Banking System Interstate BankingDeregulation
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Tools for Influencing the Money Supply Reserve Requirement: Percentage of a bank's deposit that must be set aside an on which banks may not earn interest Discount Rate: Interest rate the Federal Reserve charges on loans to commercial banks
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Tools for Influencing the Money Supply Prime Interest Rate (Prime): Lowest interest rate banks offer on short term loans to preferred borrowers Open-Market Operations: Federal Reserves purchase or sale of government bonds on the open market Selective Credit Controls: Federal Reserve's power to set credit terms on various types of loans
Influencing the Money Supply Reserve Requirements Discount Rate Open-Market Operations Selective Credit Controls To INCREASE money supply To DECREASE money supply Decrease Lower Buy Fewer Increase Raise Sell More
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc U.S. Prime Interest Rate On January 1 st Source: Money-Rates.com
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Federal Funds Rate Averages of Daily Figures Percent Source: H.15 Release -- Federal Reserve Board of Governors DATE : FED FUNDS
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Prime Rate tes/
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc U.S. Prime Interest and Federal Discount Rates Source: Money-Rates.com
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Regulation of Financial Institutions Regulatory Relationships Federal Reserve Board FDIC SAIF(FSLIC) NCUA
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Electronic Technologies A Dramatic Change Debit Cards Smart Cards E-cashE-cash
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Motivation for Electronic Banking
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Electronic Banking Trends in the U.S. Internet Electronic Funds Transfers (EFTs) Check Conversion Debit Card Smart Card
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Credit, Debit, & Smart Cards Credit Cards: Plastic cards that allow the user to buy now and repay the loaned amount at a future date, plus accrued interest on any balance Debit Cards: Plastic cards that function like checksbanks withdraw funds from users demand deposit account and transfer it to retailers accounts Smart Cards: Plastic cards with embedded computer chips that store money electronically as well as information that can be used for purchases
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Electronic & Internet Banking Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): Electronic terminals that permit people to perform basic banking transactions 24 hours a day without human tellers Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTS or EFTs): Computerized systems for completing financial transactions
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc International Banking Eurodollar & Currency Exchange Letter of Credit Bankers Acceptance World Bank IMF
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Bolstering International Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF) Stable exchange rates Temporary short-term loans Cooperation on global monetary issues International payments system World Bank Provides a limited scope of financial services World Bank Provides a limited scope of financial services
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The International Payments Process Olive Exchange (Greece to U.S.) Equipment Exchange (U.S. to Greece.) U.S. ImporterU.S. ExporterU.S. Bank Greek ExporterGreek ImporterGreek Bank
Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter Review Define money and its forms in the U.S. Describe U.S. financial institutions Explain how banks create money and how they are regulated Discuss the functions and tools of the Federal Reserve system Identify how the financial industry is changing Understand international banking and finance