Period 2 : 1607-1754 Key Concept 2.2

Key Concept 2.2 “European colonization efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and native peoples. “

Key Concept 2.2 I. Competition over resources between European rivals led to conflict within and between North American colonial possessions and American Indians. (WXT-1) (PEO-1) (WOR-1) (POL-1) (ENV-1)

Key Concept 2.2 , I A. Conflicts in Europe spread to North America, as French, Dutch, British, and Spanish colonies allied, traded with, and armed American Indian groups, leading to continuing political instability. Ex. British had more valuable goods to trade with many of the Indians through colonies such as the Massachusetts Bay Colony in much of Virginia and New England French were more involved and intertwined within Indian affairs, for they tended to have better relations than the British; They even intermarried with natives. During the French and Indian War, most American Indians sided and cooperated with the French, except the Iroquois Dutch traded furs and often interrupted Indian trade with other countries (Spain, Sweden) often leading to conflicts within those areas New Sweden

Key Concept 2.2 , I B. As European nations competed in North America, their colonies focused on gaining new sources of labor and on producing and acquiring commodities that were valued in Europe. Spain focused on silver and gold English tended to focus on tobacco and used indentured servants which would later change to slaves French focused on furs in Ohio valley area, as well as certain parts of Canada, traded mainly with natives.

Key Concept 2.2 , I C. The goals and interests of European leaders at times diverged from those of colonial citizens, leading to growing mistrust on both sides of the Atlantic, as settlers, especially in the English colonies, expressed dissatisfaction over territorial settlements, frontier defense, and other issues. Colonists wanted to expand (especially post French and Indian War, but Britain didn’t want to Britain passed acts to raise money Molasses Act Wool Act Many Colonists refused, and retaliated through smuggling

Key Concept 2.2 II. Clashes between European and American Indian social and economic values caused changes in both cultures. (ID-4) (WXT-1) (PEO-4) (PEO-5) (POL-1) (CUL-1) A. Continuing contact with Europeans increased the flow of trade goods and diseases into and out of native communities, stimulating cultural and demographic changes. European involvement lead to decrease in Indian population during the 17th & 18th century King Philip’s War; natives were not seen as a likely threat after the war throughout New England

Key Concept 2.2, II B. Spanish colonizing efforts in North America, particularly after the Pueblo Revolt, saw an accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture; by contrast, conflict with American Indians tended to reinforce English colonists’ worldviews on land and gender roles. Spanish Pueblos tended to have more freedom English Natives were often seen as inhuman, savages, or needing to be saved Some Puritans sought to convert natives, but many thought that they were dispensable Praying Towns

Key Concept 2.2 , II C. By supplying American Indian allies with deadlier weapons and alcohol and by rewarding Indian military actions, Europeans helped increase the intensity and destructiveness of American Indian warfare. Natives began trading with more technologically advance weapons Also began trading for alcohol, which at first caused problems When engaged in conflict, or war, casualties increased due to advanced weapons (King Phillip’s War)

Resources APUSH Review – Apushreview.com Gilder Lehrman Institute - http://ap.gilderlehrman.org/ The American Nation (Textbook) 5 Steps to a 5 - AP U.S. History (prep book) College Board