NUCLEAR PHYSICS The Basics.

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Presentation transcript:

NUCLEAR PHYSICS The Basics

The Nucleus ZAE The nucleus is composed of nucleons protons neutrons A nucleus is characterized by two numbers mass number (A = total # of nucleons) atomic number (Z = number of protons) ZAE

1327Al total number of nucleons is 27 total number of protons is 13 the number of neutrons is 14

Subatomic Particles one atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

m = mass nucleons - mass nucleus Mass Defect Carbon-12 has a mass of 12.000 amu Its nucleus contains 12 nucleons (6 p+ & 6 n0) Each nucleon has a mass >1 amu The mass of a nucleus is slightly less than the mass of the individual nucleons (6 p+ x 1.0073 amu/p+) + (6 n0 x 1.0087 amu/n0) = 12.096 amu The missing mass is called the mass defect mass defect: m = mass nucleons - mass nucleus

Einstein’s Equation The total energy required to break up a nucleus into its constituent protons & neutrons binding energy E = mc2 The nuclear binding energy is measured in MeV (mega electron volts) which is much larger than the few eV required to hold electrons to an atom

Binding Energy Curve graph peaks at A = 56 the more BE released per nucleon, the more stable the nucleus mass number of 56 is maximum possible stability

Theoretically, all nuclei will try to become larger or smaller to attain as mass number of nucleons To the right of 56 => want to become smaller To the left of 56 => want become larger