Colonial Resistance: Ideals of Self-government Key Concept 3.1.II Benny Cai Period 5 11/21/16

Infringement of Colonial Economic Rights The Acts that Led to the Revolution: Navigation Act, Molasses Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts Purpose of taxation shifts from regulation of trade  generation of revenue (economic deficit in Britain following Seven Years War) Raises question of whether British Parliament can tax without direct colonial representation or consent Coins rallying cry: “no taxation without representation” Intolerable Acts passed as punishment in response to Boston Tea Party: closes Boston port with Boston Port Act, believed to be “last straw hence the name Proclamation of 1763 Restricted colonists from migrating westward to seek cheaper lands (boundary set at Appalachian Mountains) and set to avoid conflict with natives Political Cartoon protesting against the Intolerable Acts

Enlightenment Thoughts Shape Revolutionary Beliefs Adam Smith European philosophes shape American revolutionary Ideals John Locke: natural rights – all humans are born free and equal Voltaire: protection of freedom of religion and speech Montesquieu: separation of powers into three separate branches Rousseau: social contract, gov. provides protection to its subjects Beccaria: elimination of unusual punishments, right to fair trial Adam Smith: laissez-faire Wollstonecraft: equal rights for women Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” Widely published and popular book, emphasized how illogical it was for a smaller body to rule the larger one, strongly favors republican government Rights of British subjects that supposedly applied to colonists were denied Issues of American separation with Britain Colonists felt physically separated Economically separated: Used under mercantilism, colonial currency not interchangeable John Locke Rousseau

Political Activism and Rising Leaders Patrick Henry Speech publicizes opposition to acts/taxes Stamp Act Congress Benjamin Franklin Helps in revolutionary effort: creation of political cartoons and receives financial support from France George Washington Military leadership Other Revolutionary Organizations: Sons of Liberty: Led by Samuel Adams Resorted to violently enforced boycotts Daughters of Liberty: Made home made goods to support boycotts Participate in boycotts Committees of Correspondence: Letter writing network, communication system Organized resistance Daughters of Liberty Samuel Adams Militia meeting

Diplomacy and Local Support Britain had overwhelming advantage and still retained colonial support among loyalists Best trained and equipped army Estimated 50,000 Tories Economic advantage BUT… America possessed advantages as well Strong leadership and military leaders (e.g. George Washington) Defined cause among colonial militias Home-field advantage Support from foreign allies Franklin negotiates terms with French monarch Louis XVI and gains financial support Support from civilians Women, laborers, and artisans highly involved in war effort Loyalists Patriots