Bellringer A bunch of cloud droplets join together. What is this called? Coalescence Quiz FRIDAY, will cover 7.1-7.4

Weather Systems

Weather Meteorology – the study of things that happen in the atmosphere

Weather Weather – the current state of the atmosphere Climate – the average weather for an area over a long period of time

Earth’s Temperature Earth’s temperature varies due to 3 things: Latitude Elevation Surface Material

Latitude Review: Latitude – horizontal lines that circle the Earth Places near the equator (__o latitude) tend to be warmer than places near the poles (___ o latitude) 90

Latitude The Earth is curved and sits on its axis, which means that places near the equator receive more direct sunlight (and are warmer) than places near the poles

Elevation As elevation increases in the troposphere, the temperature [increases / decreases] Therefore, mountain tops are [warmer/colder] than the base of the mountain

Surface Material Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land That’s why the beach is cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter than Raleigh

Air Masses This difference in air temperatures creates different air masses Air Mass – large body of air that takes on the characteristics of the land or water under it (called the source region)

Air Masses PUT A STAR BY THIS SECTION. THERE IS A SHORT ANSWER QUESTION ON YOUR QUIZ PERTAINING TO THIS INFO.

Air Masses Characterized two major ways: Moisture Level: Maritime (m) – forms over water, so lots of moisture Continental (c) – forms over land, so dry

Air Masses Characterized two major ways: Temperature: Tropical (T) – warm Polar (P) – cold

Air Masses 4 main air masses: Continental tropical (cT): dry and warm Continental polar (cP): _____ and cold Maritime tropical (mT): humid and _______ Maritime polar (mP): humid and ______ dry warm cold

Air Masses cP Air Mass #1 -- ______ Air Mass #2 -- ______ mT

Air Masses Air Mass Modification – when air masses’ temperatures and moisture levels change as they move over new regions Here, a continental (dry) air mass becomes a maritime (wet) air mass

Global Wind Systems Wind is created by the flow of air from one temperature to another temperature

Review Coriolis Effect – the circular motion of air due to the Earth’s rotation Northern Hemisphere – clockwise Southern Hemisphere – counterclockwise Impacts ocean currents and air and water temperatures

Global Wind Systems Jet Stream – narrow band of fast, high-altitude winds Highly influences weather in NC

Global Wind Systems Wind System Wind Direction Location Trade Winds From the East 0o-30o N&S

Global Wind Systems Wind System Wind Direction Location Trade Winds From the East 0o-30o N&S Prevailing Westerlies From the West 30o-60o N&S

Global Wind Systems Wind System Wind Direction Location Trade Winds From the East 0o-30o N&S Prevailing Westerlies From the West 30o-60o N&S Polar Easterlies 60o-90o N&S

Global Wind Systems Doldrums and Horse Latitudes – areas between the wind systems where there is little to no wind

Fronts Weather Front – narrow region separating two air masses of different temperatures and/or moisture levels Often results in clouds, rain, or storms

Fronts Cold Front – where cool, dense air meets warm air, pushing the warm air up steeply Fastest of all front systems

Fronts Warm Front – Where warm air replaces cooler air and gradually rises Tends to move slowly and are less violent than cold fronts

Fronts Stationary Front – similar air masses, so the front does not move or barely moves “Stalled” air masses

Fronts Occluded fronts – when a rapidly-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm front, wedging the warm air upward

Front Simulation http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

Cold air meets with warm air and pushes the warm air up steeply Match the types of fronts with their descriptions.  A. occluded front C. warm front B. stationary front D. cold front Cold air meets with warm air and pushes the warm air up steeply A stalled air mass that does not move When a warm front is overtaken by cold air and is wedged upward When warm air gradually rises over cooler air

Atmosphere Review WS This WS covers 7.1-7.3, so working on this will help you prepare for the quiz. This is done independently You may listen to music if you have earbuds/headphones/whatever-young-people-call them Let me know when you are finished, I will check it FINISH YOUR VOCAB FROM YESTERDAY AND PUT IN BASKET

Trade Winds Videos Discovery Ed Africa’s Trade Winds Power of the Jet Stream (3 min)

Earth’s Temperature The Sun’s radiation can be measured by heat or temperature Temperature – the measurement of how quickly molecules move around The faster the molecules, the higher the temperature

Temperature and Pressure Heat – the transfer of energy due to the difference in temperatures between substances Heat flows from higher temperatures to lower temperatures Example: your seat is warm because you’ve been sitting on it

Temperature and Pressure Temperature is directly proportional to pressure High temperature  high pressure Low temperature  low pressure

Temperature and Pressure Temperature is inversely proportional to density High temperature  low density (warm air rises) Low temperature  high density (cool air sinks)

Temperature and Pressure High pressure days tend to be sunny and clear, while low pressure days are cloudy and rainy Happy highs, lousy lows

Temperature and Pressure High-Pressure Systems – sinking air reaches the surface and spreads away from the center Spins clockwise as it spreads away Associated with fair weather (happy highs)

Temperature and Pressure Low-Pressure Systems – air rises and other air flows towards the center to replace it Spins counterclockwise as it moves towards the center Associated with clouds and precipitation (lousy lows)

Video Questions – 3-2-1 Sheet What are THREE things you already knew about the sky that were mentioned in the video? What are TWO new things that you learned? What is ONE thing that interested you?