Monohybrid cross - shows inheritance of one trait from two parents

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Presentation transcript:

Monohybrid cross - shows inheritance of one trait from two parents Dihybrid cross - shows inheritance of two traits from two parents; more complex Linkage - association of different genes that are located on the same chromosome

Crossing over - breakage and exchange of corresponding segments of chromosome pairs at 1 or more sites along their length Autosomes - nonsex chromosomes, designated by numbers Phenotype - observable traits - either a specific trait or collection of traits that characterize an entire organism, based on genotype

Genotype - genetic plan - all the genetic information in an organism DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid - stores genetic information Chromosomes - DNA molecules organized around structural proteins; contains enough information for many phenotypic traits

Gene - particular piece of genetic information on a chromosome Allele - different versions of the same gene (ex: blood types) Dominant trait - trait that presents itself whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous

Recessive trait - trait that presents itself only in homozygous individuals Homozygous - two identical alleles of a gene Heterozygous - two different alleles of a gene Independent assortment - independent inheritance of the alleles for a trait; movement of one chromosome does not depend on movement of another

Diploid - 2 sets of chromosomes (occurring in matching pairs); in all cells other than gametes Haploid - only one set of chromosomes; gametes Meiosis - cell division that produces gametes in sexually reproducing organisms

Principle of Segregation - during meiosis, chromosome pairs separate so that each of the two alleles for any given trait appears in a different gamete Mutation - physical change to a gene Recombination - creates new combinations of alleles during meiosis

Nondisjunction - error in chromosome movement Incomplete dominance - gene expression in which the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between those of the parents (ex: parents are red and white flowers, offspring is a pink flower)