7th Grade Unit 3: Cells 09/18/2017

Lesson 1: The Chemistry of Cells Pgs. 104-117 1. Atom 2. Element 3. Cell Theory 4. Organic Compound 5. Protein 6. Carbohydrate 7. Lipid 8. Nucleic Acid

Atom Pg. 106 Is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element.https://youtu.be/TDLbf_NUpGo https://youtu.be/xazQRcSCRaY https://youtu.be/yQP4UJhNn0I https://youtu.be/IhHsOwLdCu4 https://youtu.be/Sb9i-toCcwg

Element Pg.106 Is A substance that is made entirely of one type of atom. Examples of elements are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. These elements are common on earth. When Atoms of one or more elements joined together, they form a molecule. A molecule is a group of Atoms held together by attractive forces called chemical bonds. A molecule that contains at least two different elements is called a compound. Water molecules are compounds because each molecule contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen Atoms. https://www.ptable.com/

Examples of Elements:

Examples of Molecules:

Examples of Compounds:

Cell Theory Pg.110 Discoveries of many scientists over many years left to development of cell theory. Cell Theory describes the basic characteristics of all cells and organisms. It is one of the foundational theories of modern biology. https://youtu.be/7bDpYZsC8mQ https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

Cell Theory Part 1 All organisms are made of cells Robert Hooke first described cells in1665, but in the early 1670s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to report observations a living cells under a microscope. In 1839, Matthias Schleiden, a botanist, and Theodor Schwann, a physiologist, independently observe that plants and animals are made of cells. Together, their work showed that living things are made of cells. Further research has shown that all organisms are made of one or more cells.

Cell Theory Part 2 Cells come from existing cells It was once believe that organisms could spontaneously grow from nonliving substances. In the 1840s, biologist Robert Remak observed cell growth in a fertilized chicken eggs and tadpoles. He proposed that cells grow only from existing cells. Remax findings were supported by Rudolph Virchow, who also argued again spontaneous growth. Virchow is credited with saying, " Where a cell arises, there a cell must previously have existed."

Prokaryotic Cells Pg.108

Eukaryotic Cells Pg. 108

Important Facts: The Cell is the basic unit of life. Cells take in and use energy for life. How do cells get energy? (All organisms take in energy from their environment to survive. For some organisms, that energy comes from eating other organisms. Photosynthetic organisms such as plants use the sun's light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make energy rich sugar molecules that the plant cells can use later.) Living Organisms break down the large molecules (of proteins, sugars and fats from food) to get energy.

Organic Compound Pg.113 Is a chemical compound that contains carbon atoms. All organic compounds must contain carbon atoms. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, and your books and writing instruments all contain at least one organic compound. Carbon atoms are able to form a diverse range of molecules by bonding to other atoms.

Organic Compound Pg.113

Protein Pg.114

Protein Pg.114

Carbohydrate Pg.114

Carbohydrate Pg.114

Carbohydrate Pg.114

Lipid Pg.115 Are molecules including fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids. Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms arranged in branching chains. Lipids can not mix with water. Fats and oils are familiar types of lipids. At room temperature fats are usually solid and lipids are liquid.

Lipid Pg.115

Lipid Pg.115

Lipid Pg.115

Nucleic Acid Pg.115 a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Nucleic Acid Pg.115

Nucleic Acid Pg.115

Nucleic Acid Pg.115

Lesson 2: Cell Structure and Function Pgs. 118-129 1. Cytoskeleton 2. Mitochondrion 3. Ribosome 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum 5. Golgi Complex 6. Cell Wall 7. Vacuole 8. Chloroplast 9. Lysosome

Cytoskeleton Pg.121 Is throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that gives shape and support to cells. The cytoskeleton is also involved in cell division and in movement. It may help parts within the cell to move. Or it may form structures that help the whole organism to move.

Cytoskeleton Pg.121

Cytoskeleton Pg.121

Mitochondrion Pg.122 Is cellular respiration that occurs in an organelle. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to release energy stored in food. For example, cells break down the sugar glucose to release the energy stored in the sugar. The mitochondria then transfer the energy released from the sugar to a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Cells use ATP to carry out cell processes.

Mitochondrion Pg.122

Mitochondrion Pg.122

Ribosome Pg.122 Is the organelle that makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using instructions encoded in the cell’s DNA.

Ribosome Pg.122

Ribosome Pg.122

Ribosome Pg.122

Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123 Is the system of membranes near the nucleus in the cytoplasm. The ER assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123

Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123

Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123

Golgi Complex Pg.123 The membrane-bound organelle that packages and distributes materials such as proteins.

Golgi Complex Pg.123

Golgi Complex Pg.123

Golgi Complex Pg.123

Cell Wall Pg.124 In addition to the cell membrane, plant cells, have a cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure, which surrounds the cell membrane, identified by the yellow line around the plant cell. Cell walls provide support and protection for the cell. Plants don’t have a skeleton like many animals do, so they get their shape from the cell wall. The cells of fungi, archaea, bacteria, and some protists also have cell walls.

Cell Wall Pg.124

Cell Wall Pg.124

Cell Wall Pg.124

Vacuole Pg.124 Is a fluid-filled vesicle found in the cells of most animals, plants, and fungi. A vacuole may contain enzymes, nutrients, water, or wastes.

Vacuole Pg.124

Vacuole Pg.124

Vacuole Pg.124

Vacuole Pg.124

Chloroplast Pg.125 Are organelles where photosynthesis occurs.

Chloroplast Pg.125

Chloroplast Pg.125

Chloroplast Pg.125

Chloroplast Pg.125

Lysosome Pg.126 Are organelles that contain digestive enzymes, which break down worn-out or damaged organelles, waste materials, and foreign invaders

Lysosome Pg.126

Lysosome Pg.126

Animal and Plant Cell Project Today you will complete a packet of animal and plant cell drawings, which you will color and label. We will then check and correct these as a class. To reinforce we learned and understand the parts of cells. Then you will utilize your corrected packet and teamwork, to create posters which have correctly labeled, colored, and drawn examples of plant and animals cells. This is due next Tuesday.

Lesson 3 : Levels of Cellular Organization Pgs.132-143 Organism Tissue Organ Organ System Structure Function

Organism Pg.134 Is a living thing that can carry out life processes by itself. There are organisms that exist as single cells and organisms that are composed of many billions of cells.

Tissue Pg.135 Is a group of similar cells that perform a common function. Humans and many other animals are made up of four basic types of tissue: Nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle.

Organ Pg.136 A structure made up of a collection of two or more tissues that carries out a specialized function.

Organ System Pg.137 Is a group of two or more organs that work together to perform body functions. Each organ system has a specific job to do for the organism. For example, the stomach works with other organs of the digestive system to digest and absorb nutrients from food.

Structure Pg.138 Is the arrangement of parts in an organism or or an object. The structure of a cell, tissue, or organ then determines its function.

Function Pg.138 The activity of each part in an organism. In fact, the structure of any object can determine its function.