From Constitution to Political Revolution Creation of New Nation From Constitution to Political Revolution

The Beginnings of Foreign Policy Public opinion divided over French Revolution, when violence occurred and war broke out with Britain. Though neutrality was favored, Hamilton favored closer ties with Britain while Jefferson feared them. Washington issued a neutrality proclamation that outraged Jefferson’s supporters. Refer to photo of Liberty coin, p. 217.

Hamilton’s Financial Recovery Plan Plan: Consolidate all state debts to federal debts 2 ways to pay off these debts: 1789: Tariff (tax) on all imported goods 1791: Tax on whiskey Many opposed this plan Thought it was interference by federal government in local/state plans or affairs

Domestic Crisis By 1794, the government faced a crisis over western policy. Western farmers were refusing to pay the whiskey tax. An army sent into western Pennsylvania ended the Whiskey Rebellion. Showed that federal government would and could enforce laws they implement Refer to photo of General George Washington reviewing the Western Army, p. 222.

Washington’s Farewell Address In his farewell address, Washington warned Americans: not to get involved in European Affairs no permanent alliances not to form political parties to avoid sectionalism

The Adams Presidency Relations with France deteriorated after Jay’s Treaty When France began seizing American shipping, the nation was on the brink of war. The XYZ Affair made Adams’s popularity soar.

Rise of Political Parties Political Party: Group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to control government policy and programs 1. Jeffersonian Republicans (Democratic-Republicans) 2. Federalists

Jefferson’s views Favored strict constructionist view of constitution Believed if the constitution doesn’t say specifically that you should do something then you should not proceed

Hamilton’s views Favored loose constructionist view of constitution Believed that constitution was loose framework of laws that federal government could build upon as they seem fit.

The Alien and Sedition Acts The Federalists pushed through these acts that: severely limited freedoms of speech and the press threatened the liberty of foreigners Republicans organized as an opposition party Federalists saw opposition to the administration as opposition to the state Jefferson and Madison drafted the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions that threatened to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts Refer to photo of Congressional Pugilists, p. 225.

The Revolution of 1800 Adams bid for re-election was weakened by: Hamilton’s dispute with Adams Federalists becoming identified with oppressive war-mongering In the election of 1800, the Federalists waged a defensive struggle calling for strong central government and good order By controlling the South and the West, Jefferson won the election

Democratic Republican victories in New York and the divided vote in Pennsylvania threw the election to Jefferson

Democratic Political Culture The rise of partisan politics greatly increased popular participation American politics became more competitive and democratic Popular celebrations became common and suffrage increased Refer to photo of Jefferson ad, p. 227.