The Jeffersonian Era Objectives: Identify significant changes that occurred during Jefferson’s presidency. Explain the causes and consequences of the War of 1812. Summarize the ways in which nationalism shaped American foreign policy.

Jefferson’s Presidency The Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) vs. John Adams (Federalist) Jefferson defeated Adams, but his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of electoral votes as Jefferson House of Representatives broke the tie Named Jefferson president and Burr vice-president 12th Amendment – Requires electors to cast separate votes for president and vice-president Simplifying the Government Jeffersonian Republicanism – Jefferson’s theory of government that held that people should control the government and that simple government best suited the needs of the people Jefferson scaled back government and reduced costs

Jefferson’s Presidency John Marshall and the Supreme Court Before leaving office, President Adams tried to pack federal courts with Federalist judges “Midnight Judges” Jefferson, upon taking office, ordered his secretary of state James Madison to withhold these appointments Marbury v. Madison (1803) – Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 which would have forced the appointment of the “midnight judges” was unconstitutional Established the Supreme Court power of judicial review Judicial Review – The ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional The Louisiana Purchase (1803) Cost of $15 million Doubled the size of the US

Madison and the War of 1812 Election of 1808 President James Madison Causes of War of 1812 Between 1805 and 1814, France and Britain were at war with one another This war threatened American shipping Americans focused their anger on the British Impressment – British practice of seizing Americans at sea and “impressing” or drafting them into the British navy

Madison and the War of 1812 The Course of the War In 1812, Congress declared war on Britain Despite this, America was ill-prepared for war Fortunately; Britain was too preoccupied with Napoleon in Europe to pay much attention to America British invaded and sacked Washington DC Battle of New Orleans Most impressive American victory of the war Treaty of Ghent (1814) – Ended the War of 1812 Consequences of the War Led to the end of the Federalist party who had opposed the war Encouraged the growth of American industries to manufacture products no longer available because of the war Confirmed that the US was a free and independent nation

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Election of 1816 President James Monroe Foreign policy based on nationalism Nationalism – Belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns Territory and Boundaries High on Adam’s list of national interests was the security of the nation and expansion of its territory Convention of 1818 – Fixed the nation’s boundary at the 49th parallel from Michigan west to the Rocky Mountains Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – Transferred Florida from Spain to the US The Monroe Doctrine In the early 1800’s, European countries began to threaten American claims in the Western Hemisphere Spain and Portugal tried to regain control of their colonies in Latin America Russia claimed the 51st parallel as Alaska’s southern boundary Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Warned European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere Europe should not try to establish new colonies in the Americas nor try to overthrow the newly independent republics formed there In addition, America would not involve itself in the affairs of European countries