Warm-Up IN THE BOX AT THE TOP OF YOUR WORKSHEET What is the difference between an observation and an inference? What is our class Big Goal? What is 1 positive reward and 1 negative consequence that you could receive in this class for your behavior (good or bad)?

OBJECTIVE Scientists will be able to identify independent and dependent variables in order to construct an accurate hypothesis

Friday’s ET Why is it important to write detailed, clear procedures for scientific experiments? Why is it important to set goals? What’s our BIG GOAL in this class? Why is that goal important to YOU? Write a set of procedures for explaining how binders should be organized. Also include where and how they are kept.

1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. EXIT TICKET 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? A. It is what the experiment is measuring. B. It is what the experimenter is changing. C. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. D. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students slept for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? A. The number of students. B. The amount of time the students slept C. The student’s quiz scores. D. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Rolfsen developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Rolfsen measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? A. The type of drug the patients get. B. The amount of drug the patients get. C. How many pills the patient gets. D. The patient’s blood pressure.

AGENDA Warm Up (5) Hard Candy Lab (15) Variables Notes (10) Variables Practice (5) Lima Beans.. (15) Exit Ticket (5) Shout Outs (5) Diagnostic Rational (5)

Question: What is the best hard candy? STEP 1 | ASK A QUESTION Question: What is the best hard candy?

STEP 2 | RESEARCH YOUR QUESTION What type of hard candy do you usually purchase? What type of hard candy is the cheapest? How long does the hard candy last?

STEP 3 | CREATE A HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis: If I do not chew on this Jolly Rancher and only consume it with my mouth closed then it will take more than 5 minutes to dissolve.

STEP 4 | DESIGN AND CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT Materials: + + + +

Procedures: Remove the piece of hard candy from the package. Hold up your piece of candy. When I say go, put the candy in your mouth. As soon as the candy has been completely dissolved look up at the timer. Record this time on your data table. Share your data with your partner to find the average.

Something that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment VARIABLES Something that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment

Example: A scientist wants to know how watching TV affects students’ grades. The scientist allows students to watch TV for different amounts of time and then analyzes their school grades. What variables are there?

Something that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment VARIABLE Something that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Variable Something that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment What the experimenter is changing What’s being tested Independent Variable Dependent Variable Found on the X-axis

Example: A scientist wants to know how watching TV affects students’ grades. The scientist allows students to watch TV for different amounts of time and then analyzes their school grades. What is the independent variable?

VARIABLES The effect the experimenter is studying Something that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment What the experimenter is changing What’s being measured/observed What’s being tested Independent Variable Dependent Variable Found on the Y-axis Found on the X-axis

Example: A scientist wants to know how watching TV affects students’ grades. The scientist allows students to watch TV for different amounts of time and then analyzes their school grades. What is the dependent variable?

Average = (Trial 1 + Trial 2) / 2 STEP 5 | ANALYZE DATA Candy 1 Time Flavor Lasted (Trial 2) Average Time Flavor Lasted (Trial 1) Candy 2 Gum 4 Candy 3 Gum 5 Average = (Trial 1 + Trial 2) / 2 Why do you think it is important to do two trials?

STEP 6 | REACH A CONCLUSION According to our data, which candy was the best? Does this make it the best? Why? What data supports your conclusion? What are some possible errors that could have been made?

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES In this experiment, what did we change? Which variable is this? In this experiment, what were we measuring?

Hypothesis A testable prediction about a natural phenomenon explaining a cause and effect relationship

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

D ______________________ R ______________________ Y ______________________   M ______________________ I _______________________ X ______________________

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES The oceanographer measured the temperature of water at different depths of the lake. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES Lemon trees will produce more lemons if the gardener waters them every day. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES A scientist studied how much money people with different levels of education make. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES A scientist feeds 5 groups of rabbits identical diets, except each group gets a different amount of Vitamin A. After three weeks on the diet, the experimenter measured the weight of each rabbit to see how Vitamin A affects their weight. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Lets Apply this through a LAB! Our first lab…you’re “trying out” right now…can you handle labs? Read Directions and listen to instructions thoroughly THINK before you act. Goofing off = book work

Current Event Article about saltwater intrusion

Seed Germination Lab STEP 1: QUESTION Based on the previous article, what is a question that we could ask about saltwater intrusion?

Step 2: RESEARCH Read the article provided and answer the questions below to get some background knowledge on saltwater intrusion According to the excerpt above, what is saltwater intrusion? What is responsible for increased saltwater intrusion of our coastal wetlands? What are the negative effects of saltwater intrusion?

Step 3: Hypothesis Using what we now know about creating hypothesis, what do we want to test in this experiment? What could we measure?

Seed Germination Lab To be continued…

1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? It is what the experiment is measuring. It is what the experimenter is changing. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students studied for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? The number of students. The amount of time the students slept The student’s quiz scores. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Ingram developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. He gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Ingram measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The type of drug the patients get. The amount of drug the patients get. How many pills the patient gets. The patient’s blood pressure. EXIT TICKET 1) How can you identify an independent variable in the experiment? A. It is what the experiment is measuring. B. It is what the experimenter is changing. C. It is what the experimenter compares the results to. D. It is the question the experimenter is asking.   2) A student hypothesized that if students slept for a longer amount of time, then the student will get better grades. To test this hypothesis, the student should design an experiment with what independent variable? A. The number of students. B. The amount of time the students slept C. The student’s quiz scores. D. The class the students were taking. 3) Dr. Rolfsen developed a new drug to help lower blood pressure. She gave different doses (.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg) to different patients. Dr. Rolfsen measured the patient’s blood pressure after taking the drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? A. The type of drug the patients get. B. The amount of drug the patients get. C. How many pills the patient gets. D. The patient’s blood pressure.