Sit in your assigned seats Agenda Sit in your assigned seats Things to Get: Handouts from the back Textbook off shelf Things to Do: Learn about the Enlightenment and its philosophers I can… Explain how Enlightenment ideas changed the Western world Absolutism and Enlightenment Test FRIDAY! We will complete unit today and review on WEDNESDAY!

Opener: Enlightenment What is happening in the image below? What do MOST of the men in the image appear to be looking at? What is the most important “object” in this image?

Ideas Documents: Ideas: Scientists: Inventions: Constitution Bill of Rights Ideas: Church- lost power because ideas were contradicted Three branches of government Scientists: Galileo Copernicus Both argued that the sun was the center of our universe Inventions: Telescope

The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment NOtes

Scientific Revolution Occurred in Europe beginning in the 15th- 16th centuries following expansion in navigational technology Was a revolution in science that challenged everything that humans thought that they knew about the world around them Prior to this movement, science remained relatively the same since Aristotle’s time– including a universe that revolved around the earth, unknown ideas about how or why things moved, and belief that the heart was not the source of blood pumping This movement went along with the Reformation causing more questions about the relevance of the church

The Astronomers Nicholas Copernicus- researched and came to the belief that the earth revolved around the sun - heliocentric theory Johannes Kepler- tried to use math to prove Copernicus’ theory establishing the laws of planetary motion Galileo Galilei- used telescope to prove Copernicus’ ideas. Concluded research from the leaning tower of Pisa. Was pushed to quit working by the Inquisition.

Other Important Scientists Isaac Newton- believed that the universe operated according to a set of rational, mathematical principles. In Principia he outlined three main laws concerning motion Francis Bacon- created the scientific method to base theories off of, observe and then make hypotheses. Also, advocated for government funding of science Rene Descartes- mathematician that believed that the universe was based on mathematical and logical relationships. The key to nature lay in math. Cartesian dualism- used reason and logic to prove his existence “ I think therefore I am”

Consequences of the Scientific Revolution Foundation of the Modern Scientific Method A Community of Science Science Saving Lives Government investment in science Further Questions of Church Doctrine Reason and Rationalism led to the Enlightenment

Crash Course Viewing Questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzo8vnxSARg What is “historiography?” What was the term “science” first used? Heliocentrism – what does it mean? Who explored this idea 100+ years before Copernicus? Why is Copernicus known today for the heliocentric theory? What did he go to school to study? (hint: it was during the Renaissance…) Why was Copernicus happy on his death bed? Who, during the last 100 years, proved Galileo and Newton wrong in some areas of science? Was the Scientific Revolution really a “revolution?” Explain.

Crash Course Viewing Questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzo8vnxSARg What is “historiography?” how historians have told history differently over different times What was the term “science” first used? Mid-1800’s Heliocentrism – what does it mean? Who explored this idea 100+ years before Copernicus? Nicole Oresme (earth around sun) Why is Copernicus known today for the heliocentric theory? Historiography (he did a better job of getting peoples attention) What did he go to school to study? (hint: it was during the Renaissance…) Humanism Why was Copernicus happy on his death bed? His ideas were finally published and he couldn’t’ get in trouble for it because he was dying. Who, during the last 100 years, proved Galileo and Newton wrong in some areas of science? Einstein Was the Scientific Revolution really a “revolution?” Explain. No, it was the culmination of many scientific ideas in different places at different times

The Enlightenment: Causes The Scientific Revolution changed the way Europeans looked at the world and challenged them to ask questions The Enlightenment takes the challenge to ask questions beyond just science to life and being Philosophers meeting in salons built on the ideas of the Scientific Revolution and began questioning anything absolute. The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution was an elite movement that did not impact peasants until much later.

Why? http://images.easyart.com/i/prints/rw/en_easyart/lg/1/4/The--Jeu-du-Roi--gaming-table-in-the-court-of-Louis-XV-Anonymous-144260.jpg During the 1600’s, Absolute monarchs lived in lavish courts that were decadent and self serving. Long term effect: France: Lavish court life was disconnected from the average individual France’s national debt grows New Political Thought develops

The Enlightenment Emphasized the mind’s ability to reason Secular concerns Main ideas: Freedom from tyranny and superstition Belief in goodness of human nature Equality of men http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BigPictures/Hobbes_3.jpeg http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/IMG/jpg/58l1.jpg http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/cimeos/CRCM/images/stories/dossierSerge/diderot.jpg http://www.harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/edmund-burke.jpg

John Locke Two Treatises of Government Human beings possess free will and should be prepared for freedom. Rulers owe their power to the governed (social contract) There are certain natural rights that all people possess. (life, liberty, property)

Voltaire Aka: Francois Marie Arouet “Every man is guilty of the good he did not do” “Judge a man by his questions not by his answers” Advocated for freedom of speech and freedom of religion

Other important Philosophers Baron de Montesquieu- advocated for the separation of powers (3 branches of government) Denis Diderot- created the world’s first encyclopedia to encourage knowledge Mary Wollstonecraft- called for equal education of men and women

The Enlightenment Philosophers: What was their main idea? Objective: To understand how the ideas of the Enlightenment changed the Western world Assignment: Preview the activity worksheet on Enlightenment Philosophers. Open your book and use pages 195-198 to complete. Be sure to look at headings and bolded texts to find information! Application: Complete the bumper sticker activity in the provided space. Time allotted: 20 minutes

Bumper Sticker Activity Directions: Create a bumper sticker for one of the Enlightenment Thinkers. You must include the Thinker’s name and a phrase that represents his ideas…

Thinker Flashcards https://quizlet.com/101564881/worksheet-of-enlightenment-thinkers-flash-cards/ Matching Game https://matchthememory.com/EnlightenmentThinkers