WWII on the Homefront Economic Changes Affect on daily life

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WWII on the Homefront Economic Changes Affect on daily life Affect on women Discrimination

Economic Changes Ended the Great Depression Businesses benefitted from government needs Unemployment goes from 20% in 1940 to 3% in 1943 (15 million in army alone!!!) Average wage (factory jobs)- 1940-$20…. 1945- $50 Gigantic government spending 1939- $9.4 billion…..1945- $95.2 billion Deficit spending Office of War Mobilization War Production Board Shift from consumer products to wartime Cars>>jeeps…planes>>> bombers.. Etc.

Daily Life on the Homefront WWII consumed everday life people used extra $$ from economic boom on books, records, movies, baseball What common characteristics do you think pop culture had? Escapist patriotic Limits on Goods Rationing Metal, rubber, cotton, shoes, gasoline Points given to food items such as sugar, coffee, meat, butter, Conserving Recycling Scrap metal, rubber, glass, etc.

Women Pre WWII- 82% Americans felt married women shouldn’t work Women went to the factory in far larger numbers than in WWI “Rosie the Riveter”

African-Americans Served in great numbers in WWII Around 1 million Mostly in non-combat support positions Pressure from civil rights leaders led to some all black fighting units Tuskegee Airmen More moved to factory jobs in North Can be considered start of civil rights movement

Discrimination Bracero Program US government gave $$$ to farmers to hire Mexicans Mexicans allowed to come to US to work on farms for the war effort Eased immigration Many were not paid, and deported after the war Some allowed to stay, and program lasted another 25 years African-Americans Jim Crow in South Segregation in military Japanese Americans Executive Order 9066 made all Japanese-Americans (127,000) (both aliens and citizens!!!) from the West Coast go to internment camps for the duration of the war Korematsu vs. US. Korematsu, US born, refused to go to internment camp, arrested… he claimed internment camps violated his 5th amendment rights (“nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”) …… Decision?????? Court ruled against him stating the threat of espionage more important than his individual rights 1980’s, Reagan gives $25,000 to every survivor of internment camps and formal apology

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