Restoration of the English Monarchy Ch 13: Paths to Constitutionalism & Absolutism Restoration of the English Monarchy

Ch 13 ID Quiz

English Constitutionalism Pt Deux Focus Question What were the main issues in the struggle between the King and Parliament in England in the 17th century, and how were they resolved? English Constitutionalism Pt Deux

Restoration People grew tired of the severe, religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 He was succeeded by his son and a handful of other military leaders, but the people of England were not happy with this

Charles II Charles I’s son had been living in exile in the Netherlands In 1661, Charles II became King of England Charles II was called the “Merry Monarch” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing (things that had been disbanded under Cromwell) And he got along with Parliament!! Parliament was dissolved by military force, they had new elections, and voted to restore the monarchy

Charles II “Restless he rolls from whore to whore A merry monarch, scandalous and poor” --Earl of Rochester

Restoration Charles II learned from the lessons of his father & grandfather: Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliament’s authority Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

Restoration During the Restoration, Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king) Passed Habeus Corpus Act- determines legality of imprisonment (cannot be determined by King)

Restoration BUT, there were problems: Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money Louis XIV

Restoration Charles II had no children This meant when he died, his openly Catholic brother James II would be king (Parliament's worst fear!!) Charles II confesses he is Catholic on his deathbed James II

James II 1685- became King Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) Parliament protested. James dissolved them Declaration of Indulgence (1687) – freedom of worship

James II James II had two Protestant daughters that were set to take the throne if he had no son One of the daughters, Mary, had married William III of Orange (of the Netherlands) 1688- an heir (son) was born to James, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings

Glorious Revolution A group of Parliament members invited William to restore Protestantism in England by invading William and the Netherlands were eager to do this in order to defy the French & Louis XIV with a strong English alliance

This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution. William & his troops entered the English channel and cautiously marched through England James II fled to France when he realized he had little support from England. – Abdication This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution.

William and Mary

Constitutional Monarchy William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law They had to sign the Bill of Rights Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. No suspending of Parliament’s Laws No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King Constitutional Monarchy is Born

Bill of Rights 1689 Conservative document passed into law Established the principle that only a Protestant could wear the crown of England A new coronation oath required the monarch to uphold Protestantism and the statutes, laws, and customs of the realm as well Parliament maintained a great deal of power Some historians view it as the start of constitutional monarchy