Early Formation of Gov’t Articles of Confederation The Constitution Ch. 2: The Constitution Early Formation of Gov’t Articles of Confederation The Constitution

Early Formation of Gov’t Mayflower Compact -granted authority Thomas Paine John Locke Declaration of Independence COMMON SENSE

Thinkers Affecting Democracy John Locke Montesquieu De Toqueville Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Articles of Confederation weaknesses in Articles of Confederation Shays’ Rebellion (1787)

Impact of Shay’s Rebellion Federalists v. Anti-federalists liberalism v. conservatism Federalist 10 Federalist 51 Tyranny of the majority Tyranny of the minority Formation of Const. -NJ & VA Plans -3/5 Compromise -Great Compromise -Madisonian Model Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland

The Federalists Premise: strong national gov’t because. . . Key People James Madison Alexander Hamilton

The Anti-federalists Premise: weak national gov’t; strong states because. . . Key People Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin

Liberalism v. Conservatism National strength in: economics (domestic policy) “take a liberal approach to stimulating the economy and providing for the welfare of all Americans” National strength in: world affairs Morality “take a conservative approach to economic matters, allow the states and local gov’t to see to matters as they know best”

The Federalist Papers Written by James Madison & Alexander Hamilton -people feared disconnection of big gov’t -Federalist 10 : “need gov’t to control factions” “people will be able to use the election process to effectively choose a representative who will connect to them” Tyranny of the majority - Tyranny of the minority -

Assignment: Read Federalist 10 & Federalist 51 -separate & distinct exercise of different powers of gov’t Why: -names the branches -checks & balances to protect encroachments -people give up power = gov’t gains authority

Types of Checks & Balances Federal Gov Vertical checks & balances Horizontal checks & balances Citizens Factions National Gov (expanding the sphere) PRIMITIVE POLITICS

Writing the Constitution Formation of Const. -NJ & VA Plans -3/5 Compromise -Great Compromise -Madisonian Model

Ratification of the Constitution *Ratification was initially defeated on August 4, 1788, by a vote of 84–184. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning

Constitution Article I – Legislative Branch Art. II - Art. III Art. IV – InterState Rules Art. V – Amendment Procedures Art. VI – Misc. Oaths Art. VII - Ratification Bill of Rights

How to change the Constitution Formal Amendment 2/3 vote in each house, ¾ of state leg. 2. Convention 3. Interpretation (legislation, court rulings)

Amendments to the Constitution Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning

Charles Beard: Economic Interpretation of the Constitution Assignment: Find an analysis of Beard’s Interpretation and be ready to discuss your opinion as it applies historically and to present day politics

National v. states’ rights The Lasting Issues 2-party system National v. states’ rights Minority groups Interest groups Others?

Questions for Critical Thinking ? In your opinion, what constitutional amendment is the most important? What are the top five constitutional amendments that are relevant today? Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning