Life’s Chemistry.

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Presentation transcript:

Life’s Chemistry

Organization of Matter All things are made of atoms. Atoms become charged when they gain or lose electrons.

Elements Contain only 1 type of atom.

Molecules Atoms bind chemically to form compounds or molecules. (May be organic or inorganic).

Water High heat capacity due to hydrogen bonding (does not change temperature easily). High heat of vaporization (requires a lot of energy to transform into a gas). Cohesion (resist coming apart) Polar (hydrophilic molecules form hydrogen bonds with water). About 70% of cells.

Organic Macromolecules Polymers made of smaller units called monomers.

Polymers Formed in condensation reactions by removing water. Broken down in hydrolysis reactions by adding water.

Carbohydrates Sugars Monosaccharides Energy, structure, and cell signaling

Lipids Fats Triglycerides, phospholipids Energy, insulation, cell membrane

Proteins Many types! Amino acids Many Functions!

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA Nucleotides Store and transmit genetic information for protein creation.

Chemical Reactions Energy changes reactants into products. In cells, requires enzymes to catalyze.

Metabolism Anabolic reactions- synthesis reactions to store energy includes condensation reactions. Catabolic reactions- releasing energy stored in chemical bonds includes hydrolysis reactions. Sum of all chemical reactions occurring at a given time.

Laws of Thermodynamics 1st: Energy is neither created nor destroyed. 2nd: Entropy tends to increase. Life requires a constant input of energy.