Tuesday & Thursday Karen Zandarski Grammar Tuesday & Thursday Karen Zandarski

Introductions Introduce Your Partner to me Please tell me some of the information you learned about him or her.

What is Grammar? Grammar is the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics. What does this mean? It means that grammar is al the rules of a language including the rules for speaking and writing.

Past Perfect – Can be used earlier events or information with other later events and information in the past. Example 1: By the 1900’s housing costs had increased and job security had become less certain than for previous generations. You can use past perfect with words like: when, by the time, and while Example: When she arrived the class had already started.

Use past perfect to go back to an earlier time. Example: George was nervous on his first day of work. He’d never had a job before. Use past perfect to give background reasons and explanation for later past events Example: For years, many people had considered pizza their favorite food. Now most people like hamburgers. Work in pairs to complete exercise 2.1

The Pact: Thee Young Men make a Promise and fulfill a Dream What is the American Dream? Why is this story remarkable? What are some events

Think of a major change in your life or in the life of someone you know such as move or a marriage. Describe the events leading up to the change. Use the past perfect and the past perfect progressive where necessary.