Types of Learning Strategies overview Learning Styles and Strategies Lorena Almaraz

History The research of language strategies began in the 1960’s. Aaron Carton published his study “The Method of Interference in Foreign Language Study”. In 1975 Rubin classified strategies in terms of processes contributing directly or indirectly to language learning.

*What to use Learning process *How to use Choices Success

Learning Strategies Processes that may contribute directly to learning (Brown,1980) Processes, techniques, approaches and actions that students take to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content areas of information (Chamot 1987, cited in Hismanoglu, 2000) Specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, and more transferable to new situations (Oxford, 1990)

Learning Strategies - Features To contribute to reach the task To allow learners become more self-directed To expand the teachers’ roles Is problem oriented Specific actions taken by the learners They involve many aspects and are influenced by different factors They can be observable, conscious, taught and flexible

Learning Strategies Cognitive Metacognitive Memory Compensation Social Enable learners to understand and produce new language by practicing, analyzing and reasoning Metacognitive Allow learners to control their own learning through organizing, planning and evaluating Memory Help learners to store and retrieve information by mental links Learning Strategies Compensation Allow learners to communicate despite deficiences in their language knowledge. Social Help learners to interact with other people Affective Help learners to gain control over emotions, attitudes, motivation and values

Some researches Writing skilled writers Thinking Planning how to approach Brainstorming Organize information Writing unskilled writers Planning Confusion about the task

Learn strategies in the classroom, in self-study and in a situation. Learners expect to choose the appropiate strategies according to the purpose of specific tasks. Learn strategies in the classroom, in self-study and in a situation. Is able to define strategies for improving memory for language learning. Learn how to effectively transfer knowledge about language and communication from one language to another. Be able to deal with errors. Rubin (1985)

References Richards J. , Lockhart ( 15th printing 1996. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms, Chapter 7, Interaction in the second language classroom Oxford, R (2003) Language Learning Styles and Strategies: An Overview. Retrieved from: http://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~language/workshop/read2.pdf NG (March 2015) UKESSAYS. Short History Of Language Learning Strategy English Language Essay. Retrieved from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/short-history-of-language-learning-strategy-english-language-essay.php Baltateanu, C. (July 2016) RATE. Types of learning strategies. How to cope with a foreign language. Retrieved from: http://rate.org.ro/blog2.php/1/types-of-learning-strategies-how