Non-Infectious Diseases and Your Health

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Presentation transcript:

Non-Infectious Diseases and Your Health

Noninfectious Diseases Diseases that are NOT caused by pathogens and NOT transmitted from person to person. *Also known as Non-communicable diseases Examples: Heart disease, cancer, diabetes Over history, the rate of infectious diseases has decreased while the rate of noninfectious diseases has increased.

Deadliest Non-Infectious Diseases In 2018, the following diseases killed the most people worldwide and the rate continues to increase. 1. Cardiovascular Disease (heart attack, heart disease, and stroke) – 17.9 million 2. Cancer (all types) – 9 million 3. Chronic Respiratory Diseases (COPD and asthma) – 3.9 million 4. Diabetes – 1.6 million

Causes of Noninfectious Diseases Lifestyle Choices: diet, exercise, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and stress Environmental Factors: chemical exposure, carcinogens, air pollution, water pollution, food safety Genetics: inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses.

Lifestyle choices Diet: Eating a healthy diet can reduce the risk of certain diseases.

Diet (Lifestyle choice) Digestion is the process that allows your body to get the nutrients and energy it needs from the food you eat. Overnutrition- the frequent overconsumption of food. Leads to obesity. Malnutrition- when your body does not get enough nutrients.

Diseases related to Diet and Exercise Heart Disease and Stroke Type II Diabetes Likely Causes: Diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol, tobacco use, physical inactivity Sugary diet, excess weight/obesity, physical inactivity

Tobacco (Lifestyle choice) Tobacco products contain carcinogens and the addictive substance nicotine. Tobacco use and/or secondhand exposure increases risk of cancer, heart disease, asthma, and emphysema.

Cancer and Carcinogens Cancer- abnormal cells divide out of control (uncontrolled mitosis) Carcinogens – Chemicals that cause cancer

Alcohol (Lifestyle choice) Over consumption of alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, pancreatitis, and heart disease. Pregnant women who drink may cause their baby to be born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. FAS babies may have mental disabilities, physical deformities, and other birth defects.

Environmental Factors Exposure to… can lead to… Radon gas: Lung cancer Air pollution: Asthma and cancer Water pollution: Cancer and birth defects UV radiation: Skin cancer

Genetics Genetics play a factor in a person’s susceptibility to certain diseases. This explains why some people can smoke their whole lives and do not get cancer and some people smoke for a year and get cancer.

Genetic Diseases/Disorders Genetic Disorders can be caused by gene mutation, deletion or chromosome abnormality. Examples: Cystic Fibrosis Down’s Syndrome Sickle Cell Disease Muscular Dystrophy