Blood and the Lymphatic System

What is blood? Blood is a connective tissue containing both dissolved substances and cells.

What is plasma? Plasma is a straw-colored liquid that makes up 55% of the blood volume. Contains: Water Dissolved Gasses Nutrients Salts Enzymes Hormones Waste Products Plasma Proteins

What are plasma proteins? Plasma proteins transport materials, help blood clot, fight off infections and regulate blood pressure. Fibrin fibers sealing a wound

Three groups of blood cells: Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)/erythrocytes White Blood Cells / leukocytes Platelets

Red Blood Cells Disc shaped cells with a thinner center. Contain hemoglobin Protein that carries oxygen Produced by red bone marrow Destroyed by liver and spleen

Sickle-Cell Anemia Sickle-Cell Anemia is a disorder of the red blood cells. The red blood cells have a different form of hemoglobin. This type of hemoglobin prevents malaria infection. The hemoglobin collapses in low-oxygen areas, causing a C-shaped red blood cells.

Sickle Cell Anemia The sickle shaped cells can get stuck in blood vessels causing painful clots. Day-to-day care includes: Getting lots of fluid Taking folic acid – which helps produce RBC’s Avoiding low oxygen situations – plane flights, strenuous exercise.

Blood Types Each RBC has two categories of proteins attached to the outside. One is the ABO group. A, B, AB, O One is the Rh group. +, -

Blood Transfusion Blood types must be compatible or dangerous complications can occur. A may receive A or O B may receive B or O O can only receive O + can receive – - can only receive -

White Blood Cells Guard against infection by destroying bacteria and stimulating the immune system Number increases dramatically when an illness occurs Can move out of blood into tissues

Types of White Blood Cells White blood cells have four different types: Neutrophils Esinophils Basophils Monocytes

Platelets Cell fragments made in red bone marrow Become sticky when near damaged tissue and help form a clot by releasing clotting factors

Hemophilia Genetic disorder caused by lacking one or more clotting factors Severity depends on which clotting factor is missing Treatment- injections of clotting factor when injury occurs

Lymphatic System The pressure of blood moving through the vessels forces some fluid into the surrounding tissues. The lymphatic system returns the fluid back into the circulatory system at the subclavian vein.

Parts of the Lymphatic System Lymph – fluid in tissues Lymph vessels – tubes that carry lymph back to the subclavian vein Lymph nodes – bean-shaped enlargements that trap bacteria for the immune system to destroy.

Parts of the Lymphatic System Thymus- Produces a type of white blood cell (T-cell) found in lymph. Spleen – acts as a large bacteria and microorganism filter