1.2 Ultrastructure of cells

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1.2 Ultrastructure of cells Understanding: Prokaryotes have simple cell structure without compartments Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure Prokaryotes divide by binary fission Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution that light microscopes Skills: Drawing the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs Drawing the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs Interpretation of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells Applications: The structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas The structure and function of organelles within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf Nature of science: Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus: the invention of electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure

Microscopes Create a table to describe the key differences between the three types of microscopes: Light microscope Transmission electron microscope Scanning electron microscope 1635-1703 Studied microorganisms Microscope ‘invented in 1590s’ still disputed Monks cells = cells Understanding: Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution that light microscopes Nature of science: Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus: the invention of electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure

Light Microscope Thin specimens Requires staining Limited magnification Most commonly used Living or dead specimens

Transmission Electron Microscope Thin specimens Beam of electrons Far greater range of magnification with much improved resolution Expensive, used mostly in research Dead specimens

Scanning Electron Microscope Beam of electrons 3D image Crystal clear resolution at high magnifications Specimens coated in heavy gold ions Expensive, used mainly in research and specialist labs Dead specimens

Vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes Create a poster in pairs Prokaryote and eukaryote. For each cell: Drawing and labels What each organelle does Examples of that type of cell How they divide Summarize the similarities and differences between them Make them as beautiful as possible so I can put them on the wall! THEN: Draw and explain the structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas and within the palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf