Week 2: “Macro”biology Classification Systems 6 Kingdoms Theory of Evolution (Evidence and Mechanisms) Energy Transformation (Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration) Food Webs and Chains
6 Kingdom Catalyst: Objective 7 6 Kingdom Catalyst: Objective 7 **Get out homework from break and pick up 2 worksheets from side table. Write 3-5 sentences describing and comparing viruses and bacteria.
Objective 7 SWBAT apply their knowledge of 6 Kingdoms to identify what kingdom an unknown organism is in. -“I know the 6 kingdoms” -“I know defining characteristics of each kingdom” - “I can classify an unknown organism into its proper kingdom using given characteristics”
Key Words Kingdom Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
An EOCT Problem might look like this… Which kingdom below contains organisms that are not made up of eukaryotic cells? A eubacteria B animalia C fungi D plantae
Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Bacteria Prokaryotes Kingdom Protist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Bacteria Eukaryotes From Explore Biology.com
Evolutionary Timeline Prokaryotes were Earth’s first organisms Protists came next (still pretty simple) Complex multicellular organisms evolved later
Look at Life’s Diversity!
GN Directions (Listen) Use the Graphic Organizer to take notes on EACH of the following slides There will be 1 slide per Kingdom Please Note: This is just a general overview of each of the kingdoms, keep in mind there is a lot of DIVERSITY on our planet. We are only skimming the surface!
Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria & (Eu)bacteria Organization: Unicellular Nutrition: Some are autotrophs, some are heterotrophs -Found in very extreme environments (ex: steam vents) -Mostly harmless (used for digestion, to make cheese, vinegar, & yogurt) but some can cause disease
copyright cmassengale Eukaryotes: Protista Organization: Most are unicellular (Some are multicellular) Nutrition: Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Lives in aquatic conditions Modified from Biology Junction copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Eukaryotes: Fungi Organization: Multicellular, (except yeast) Nutrition: Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin Does not move Modified from Biology Junction copyright cmassengale
Eukaryotes: Plantae (Plants) Organization: Multicellular Nutrition: Autotrophic (Absorbs sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis) Cell walls made of cellulose Does not move Modified from Biology Junction copyright cmassengale
Eukaryotes: Animalia (Animal) Organization: Multicellular Nutrition: ‘Ingestive heterotrophs’ (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Capable of movement
Summary Cell Type Organization Modality Nutrition
6 Kingdom Practice http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/E07/E07.html
Classification Catalyst How do you organize your clothes? Be as specific as possible. Answer in paragraph form Alternative Question/s: How do you organize your shoes? If you collect anything, how do you organize it?
Objective 8 SWBAT understand and use modern classification systems to determine the relationship between species “I can recall the 7 levels of classification, in order, and use them to determine how closely related two species are.” “I can read and create a cladogram using derived characteristics of species.” “I can correctly write the binomial nomenclature of a species.”
Key Words Classification Taxonomy Phylogeny Cladogram Binomial nomenclature Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Key Words
An EOCT Problem might look like this… A cladogram shows A which kingdom is most diverse B how to name species C change over time D evolutionary relationships
7 Levels of Classification What are they?? Hint: We just talked about the broadest one during the previous objective!
Memory Tool: King Phillip King = Kingdom Phillip = Phylum Came = Class Over = Order For = Family Grape = Genus Soda = Species
Why Memorize ALL THAT?? Comparing classification similarities and differences between organisms can help you determine relationships!
Orders & families (Listen) From Explore Biology
Genus groupings Species that are closely related are grouped into the same genus Leopard Panthera pardus African lion Panthera leo Tiger Panthera tigris Why does this always happen when we bring the genus together? Panthera genus 4 LIFE bruh! What’s Up, cuz! From Explore Biology
Why not use common names? Misleading starfish dragonfly Multiple “Identities” blue jay, blue coat, corn thief dog, perro, chien From Explore Biology I swim, but I’m still a bird!!
Why not use common names? But they all have only one scientific name! Pisaster ochraceus Pyrrhosoma nymphula From Explore Biology Cyanocitta cristata
Binomial Nomenclature Format Genus species Last name, species First name, Genus ONLY capitalize the GENUS, genius!
Binomial Nomenclature From biologyjunction.com Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale
We classify things based on characteristics (LISTEN) Table 1.1 from Biology Junction powerpoint
Cladograms
Cladograms show which traits species have in common You can use them to: 1. Find which organisms are most primitive. 2. Find which organisms are most closely related
Remember the word: Primitive… Primitive = old, simple The most primitive species are at the bottom (left) The most recent species are at the top (right)
Most primitive Most recent
Closely related: Organisms have ALL the traits that come before them on the cladogram. ex. Perch has jaws (because it is to the lower left of its branch) Species are closely related if they branch off close together
Think: In the cladogram, what species is most primitive? In the cladogram, what species is least primitive? What traits does the lizard have? What traits does the salamander have? What is the chimp most closely related to? Is the lizard more closely related to the salamander or the perch?
Check Your Understanding! Binomial nomenclature: ___ names Naming organisms: Genus ______ Define primitive The most primitive organisms are drawn on the top right OR bottom left of cladogram On a phylogenetic tree, closely related organisms are drawn closer together or further apart
For Quiz Questions 4 and 5