Chapter 31, Lesson 2 CANCER

Tumors All cancers are tumors, but not all tumors are cancerous Benign Abnormal cells Less aggressive growth Surrounded by membranes, prevents growth Malignant Not surrounded by membrane Sometimes break away and enter lymph or blood vessels Metastasis -- spreads

Causes of Cancer Heredity Environment Carcinogen exposure Lifestyle

Types of Cancer Classifications Carcinomas Sarcomas Lymphomas Skin and linings of body organs Sarcomas Connective and supportive tissue Lymphomas Lymphatic system

Types of Cancer Skin Cancer Three types Melanoma unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells triggers mutations that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors Basal cell abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis Squamous cell uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers People fail to protect themselves

Types of Cancer Lung Cancer Oral Cancer Colon and Rectum Cancer Smoking is greatest cause Oral Cancer Caused by smoking or chewing tobacco Colon and Rectum Cancer Third most common cancer Slow to spread Eating low-fat, high fiber diet reduces risk Leukemia Immature white blood cells multiply too quickly Weakens immune system

Types of Cancer Reproductive Cancer Breast cancer (women) Ovarian Tumors in the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules Ovarian tumors arise from cells lining the ovary Uterine cells first develop in the lining of the uterus Prostate (Men) develops in prostate Testicular typically develops in one or both testicles in young men

Detecting Cancer Early detecting most critical Most types detected through regular physical Biopsy Lab analysis of tissue sample Ultrasound Use of sounds waves to locate abnormal growths

Treating Cancer Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Removal of diseased bone or tissue Transplanting healthy tissue Radiation Destroys tumor cells by damage to DNA Chemotherapy Anti-cancer medication Destroy malignant cells Interferes with cell division Side effects

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