Crime and Deviance Beliefs in Society 1 hour 30 minutes; 60 marks; 20% of total A Level marks Crime and Deviance &Theory and Methods. 2 hours; 90 marks; 30% of total A Level marks Crime Paper; 4 questions Q1 & 2- on crime and deviance 21m & 21m Q3- methods in context 15m Q4- theory and methods 33m

Section 1) Defining crime and deviance Crime: an act which breaks the law e.g. shoplifting Deviance: an act which breaks the norms and values of society e.g. a man wearing high heels [and/or] shouting in a library

Crime, deviant or both? Look at the following images: For each, decide whether you think it is a crime, deviant or both?

Running naked across a football pitch Smoking cannabis Cheating in exams Running naked across a football pitch

Parking on a double yellow line Smoking at home in the presence of children

Swearing when with your friends   Crime Deviance Both Swearing when with your friends    Lesbianism Attempting suicide Adultery Driving at 5mph above the 30mph speed limit A man living in Devon with 2 wives Stealing penny mix sweets A sexual assault A woman killing her husband in self defence, who had been physically abusing her for years Downloading porn off the internet Drinking alcohol in Saudi Arabia A woman wearing a mini skirt during Victorian times A man forcing his wife to have sex A 13 year-old drinking beer at her parent’s house party

Is all deviance criminal? Are all crimes deviant? Is all deviance criminal?

Deviant acts An act can be criminal and deviant: Breaking both legal and social laws e.g. murder An act can be deviant but not criminal: Someone talking loudly in the cinema/theatre. Such instances show how delicately balanced our social order can be; minor transgressions of behaviour (acceptable in our private realm) become very different when occurring in public Acts can be criminal but not deviant: You might think all crimes are deviant but consider the following: speeding, not paying TV license, parking on double yellow lines. These are crimes but they are not always subject to social disapproval (because a lot of people do it?

Moral and social code broken: Crime Deviance Moral and social code broken: Murder Parking on yellow lines Smiling at strangers Legal code broken Moral code broken

The relativity of crime and deviance Crime and deviance are relative to time, place and culture i.e. what counts as crime and deviance varies between different times, places and cultures. E.g. which of these would be considered deviant?

Reality of Crime and Deviance Ken Plummer (1979) distinguishes between societal deviance, and situational deviance Societal deviance refers to behaviour which breaks the law, or which is seen as deviant by most members of society at all times. Situational deviance refers to the effect of the context or situation on the classification of deviance. In one situation an act may be seen as deviant, but in another not.

Questions: Give two examples of societal deviance * Give two examples of situational deviance

Ken Plummer Accepts that the beliefs and values of the wider society affect views on situational deviance Argues that in certain contexts people either neutralise or reject the societal version of deviance

Culture and Deviance As cultures change, so do definitions of deviance and crime. There was a time when it was seen as deviant for a women to wear make up or drink alcohol. In the same way, definitions of crime change. Deviance therefore is culturally determined and socially constructed

Check your understanding Define the following terms: Crime Situational deviance Societal deviance

Section 2) Social Control Method of making people stick to the rules and laws of society. Ensures that most of the people conform most of the time. Enforcing conformity means discouraging deviant and criminal behaviour.

Formal Methods of Social Control Institutions set up to enforce social control Institutions which create and enforce the law E.g. parliament enacts laws, police, judiciary and prison service enforce it So what are they more relevant to?

Informal Methods of Social Control Involves institutions and social groups which are not directly concerned with enforcing social control. E.g. Family, schools, religious organisation Family teaches norms and values of wider society Religion reinforces values of society Significant others (friends, neighbours) who people are concerned about what they think of them

Check your understanding Define the following terms: Social control Formal methods of social control Informal methods of social control