Charles Darwin’s Theory that Shapes the Scientific Study of Life

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Presentation transcript:

Charles Darwin’s Theory that Shapes the Scientific Study of Life Natural Selection Charles Darwin’s Theory that Shapes the Scientific Study of Life

Charles Darwin H.M.S. Beagle Sailed around world Made observations, collected evidence Formed theory of how life changes

Darwin’s Findings Diversity Amazed by # of different strategies for survival and reproduction Noticed different plants and animals seemed very well suited for their specific environment

Darwin’s Findings Fossils Collected many fossils How did so many of these species disappear? How were they related to living things?

Some Fossils…

Darwin’s Findings The Galapagos Islands Greatest influence on Darwin’s theory Let’s examine 2 specific findings there

Darwin’s Findings The Galapagos Islands – The Finches Each type was well suited for its own environment

Diversity in Finches

Diversity in Finches

Darwin’s Findings The Galapagos Islands – The Finches Key Point: Each different type of beak was optimal for each different finch’s survival needs Seed eater – large crushing beak Insect eater – slender grasping beak

Darwin’s Findings The Galapagos Islands – The Tortoises Darwin observed tortoises on different islands He noticed that tortoises from different islands had slight differences in the shape of their shells

Diversity in Tortoises

Darwin’s Findings The Galapagos Islands – The Tortoises Key Point: Each different type of shell was optimal for each different tortoise’s survival needs Sparse vegetation – long neck, open shell Ample vegetation – shorter neck, dome shell

Figuring it Out Darwin noticed how organisms were so well suited for their own specific habitat Key question: how did they get like that? Answer: the process of natural selection

Publishing his Ideas 1858: On the Origin of Species In this book, Darwin explained his theory of natural selection

Natural Selection “Survival of the fittest” Those individuals that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

Natural Selection Competition Most fit  survival  reproduce  pass on traits Less fit  die  no reproduction  bad traits become less common

Adaptations Fitness = result of adaptations. Adaptation Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance for survival

Amazing Adaptations! Height

Amazing Adaptations! Color/ camouflage

Amazing Adaptations! Camouflage

Amazing Adaptations! Camouflage

Amazing Adaptations Mimicry

Amazing Adaptations Defense

Amazing Adaptations Defense

New Observations Darwin would later make observations that would cause him to question his own theory! Let’s look at each of these observations…

New Observations The long tailed widowbird

New Observations The peacock

New Observations Only in the males Connection to mating

New Observations In the long tailed widowbird, the longer the tail, the more likely it was that the individual would mate In the peacock, the larger the feather spread and the more spots, the more likely it was that the individual would mate

Sexual Selection Darwin noticed: Darwin theorized: Females prefer some characteristics in males over other characteristics Darwin theorized: Certain characteristics are selected for NOT as an environmental adaptations, but rather as preferences of females