Roadmap Operant conditioning Punishment Biofeedback

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Presentation transcript:

Roadmap Operant conditioning Punishment Biofeedback Elements of observational learning Research updates

Operant Conditioning Learning Voluntary behavior Depends on consequences Voluntary behavior

Operant Conditioning Examples

Reinforcement increases probability response will occur again Primary reinforcer - naturally reinforcing by meeting biological need hunger thirst touch Secondary reinforcer – reinforces after being associated with primary reinforcer

Reinforcement Positive reinforcement - addition or experiencing pleasurable e.g., dessert for good behavior Negative reinforcement - removal, escape from, avoidance of unpleasant e.g., sunscreen to prevent sunburn e.g., leave early so you won’t be late

Reinforcement schedules Partial reinforcement effect - reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses ? Continuous reinforcement

Punishment Punishment - response less likely to happen Punishment by application - addition or experiencing unpleasant e.g., ? Punishment by removal - removal of pleasurable

Drawbacks of punishment Severe punishment my cause avoidance of the punisher instead of? May encourage lying to avoid Severe punishment creates fear and anxiety Cognitive load! (examples?) Memory/learning impairment

Make punishment more effective Immediately follow the behavior Be consistent!!! Pair with reinforcement of the right behavior How do we define discipline???

The infamous “time out” punishment by removal special area away from the attention of others being "removed" from any possibility of positive reinforcement in the form of attention Powerful impact IF used correctly (especially with children!)

Biofeedback Biofeedback- feedback on biological conditions = voluntary control blood pressure respiration relaxation Examples

Learned Helplessness - Seligman Learned helplessness -fail to act or escape from a situation history of repeated failures ITV Romanian orphans example

Observational learning Observational learning - new behavior by watching a model perform Bobo doll study/aggression Learning can take place without actual performance of the learned behavior! Babies

Four Elements of Observational Learning (AMIM) ATTENTION learner must pay attention to model MEMORY learner must retain memory of what was done e.g., steps to prepare dish seen on cooking show

Four Elements of Observational Learning IMITATION learner must be capable of reproducing, or imitating, the actions MOTIVATION learner must have the desire to perform action

Children’s TV