Unit 3 Test Corrections Due: Friday 12/4 Correct Answer What makes that answer correct Where did you find that information.

Unit 4 Learning Outcomes -Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning -Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning -Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e .g ., positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment) -Identify key contributors in the psychology of learning (e .g ., Albert Bandura, John Garcia, Ivan Pavlov, Robert Rescorla, B . F . Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman, John B . Watson)

Learning and Conditioning Most all behavior is learned.

Learning and Conditioning Why? By definition, learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. Why would temporary changes caused by motivation, fatigue, maturation, disease, injury, and drugs be left out?

Learning and Conditioning By definition, learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. Why would temporary changes caused by motivation, fatigue, maturation, disease, injury, and drugs be left out? While these can alter behavior, doesn’t qualify as learning

Learning and Conditioning While some might believe practice produces learning, a better key is reinforcement. This is any event that increases the probability that a response will occur again. A response is simply any identifiable behavior, they can be observable, or internal. (overt or covert) How might you teach a dog a new trick?

Learning and Conditioning The secrets of learning lie in what happens before and after a response.

Learning and Conditioning Events that occur before a response are called precedents/antecedent Events that follow a response are called consequences.

Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is based on what happens before a response, or the precedents In classical conditioning, antecedent events become associated with one another. We see learning when the new stimulus will also bring forth a response.

Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is based on what happens before a response, or the precedents Classical Conditioning was discovered in the lab of Ivan Pavlov (who we have already talked about)

Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning occurs when learning is based on the consequences of responding. Responses are followed by a reinforcer, or punishment, or nothing. These results determine whether a response is likely to be made again.

Operant Conditioning Differs from classical conditioning because we associate responses with their consequences. Based on the principle that things that are reinforced tend to be repeated.

Observational Learning and Modeling When learning is achieved by watching and imitating the actions of another person, also noting their consequences. Social awareness

Observational Learning and Modeling You have to pay attention and remember what occurred and have the ability to reproduce what was learned. Learn a general rule that can be applied to various other situations Learn new responses Learn to carry out or avoid previously learned responses

Learning and Conditioning Experiment Analysis With a partner, you are going to look at a number of psychologists that show each type of learning. You need to research 3 of the 4 Learning psychologists that test Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational Learning. For each experiment, please create a small poster that includes the following; -Name of Psychologist -Summary of beliefs/experiments -How it shows conditioning (which type) -How does it apply to our lives -Anything interesting Psychologist 1 Psychologist 2 Psychologist 3 Leave blank

Learning and Conditioning Experiment Analysis After each of the experiments are placed around the room, I would like to take a few minutes to take a look at them. Please choose 2 experiments (other than your own) from each category and summarize each in 2 sentences. When you are finished, take a seat and reflect on the following question. How would you choose to test each of the types of learning/conditioning?

Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is based on what happens before a response, or the precedents Classical Conditioning was discovered in the lab of Ivan Pavlov (who we have already talked about)

Classical Conditioning Neutral Stimulus (NS) Conditioned stimulus (CS) A stimulus that, because of learning, will evoke a response Unconditioned Stimulus (US) A stimulus innately capable of eliciting a response

Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Response (UR) This is a non-learned response, reflexes. Conditioned response (CR) These are learned responses

Classical Conditioning Can it go away? Extinction Spontaneous recovery

Learning and Conditioning The last thing I would like for you to do today involves Table 9.1 on page 277. I want you to make sure you have this table copied in your notes. When you are finished, I would like for you to create a scenario/story where there is a NS, US, CS, UR, and CR. You will turn this in when completed.