Axial and Appendicular The bones!! Axial and Appendicular

Learning goals We are learning to identify and locate the bones of the skeletal system!

Axial skeleton: 80 bones Skull Hyoid Bone: 1 bone Vertebral column cranium - 8 bones; face - 14 bones; auditory ossicles - 6 bones Hyoid Bone: 1 bone supports the tongue and forms part of the larynx Vertebral column 33 vertebrae some are fused – usually 26 moving Ribs 12 pairs (24 bones) Sternum 1 breastbone (3 bones fused together)

The skull Calvaria (skull cap) Facial bones frontal bone parietal bone (2) occipital bone temporal bone (2) - most fragile AND overlies the meningeal artery = haemorrhage sphenoid - deep bone that lies behind the eyes lacrimal bone (tear drainage) nasal bone zygomatic bone maxilla mandible

Sutures – joints between skull bones Cranial Cavity – space inside skull bones, houses brain

Vertebral column CERVICAL (C1-C7) - atlas, axis, neck THORACIC (T1-T12) - each one connects to a different rib LUMBAR (L1-L5) - lower back SACRUM (5 bones fused together as one) - upper butt COCCYX (4 fused bones) - tail bone

facets to contact (articulate with vertebrae above) Similarities body spine facets to contact (articulate with vertebrae above) transverse process vertebral foramen

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar holes in transverse process facets in transverse plane heart shaped body facets on body for ribs facets in frontal plane long spine short spine large body facets in sagittal plane

ribs 12 pairs of bone (for protection of vital organs) and cartilage (allow it to expand for ????????) TRUE RIBS (1-7) - attach to thoracic vertebrae AND sternum FALSE RIBS (8-10) - attach to thoracic vertebrae AND to sternum indirectly FLOATING RIBS (11&12) - only attach to vertebrae (one end is ‘free’)

Sternum (breastbone) consists of 3 parts fused: MANUBRIUM STERNAL BODY XIPHOID PROCESS (CPR anyone?)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON: 126 bones Shoulder Girdle: 2 scapulae and 2 clavicles Arm Bones: 1 humerus, 1 radius and 1 ulna in each arm Wrist Bones: 8 carpal bones in each wrist Hand Bones: 5 metacarpals in each hand Finger Bones: 14 phalanges on each hand Hip Girdle: ilium, ishium, pubis (fused and immovable) Leg Bones: 1 femur, 1 fibula and 1 tibia in each leg Ankle Bones: 7 tarsal bones in each ankle Foot Bones: 5 metatarsals in each foot Toe bones: 14 phalanges in each foot

SCAPULA (shoulder blade) CLAVICLE (collar bone) PECTORAL GIRDLE connects axial and appendicular SCAPULA (shoulder blade) CLAVICLE (collar bone)

Upper limb HUMERUS ULNA (elbow bone) RADIUS (thumb side) TRY IT...when you pronate, you can actually feel radius cross over ulna

Carpals (wrist) 2 rows of four bones: proximal row (from L to M): scaphoid (tender), lunate, triquetrum, pisiform distal row (from L to M): trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate “She Likes To Play, Try To Catch Her”

digits METACARPALS – palm PHALANGES – fingers 1 per ‘digit’ (1st metacarpal connects to thumb) PHALANGES – fingers 3 per finger (except thumb...only 2)

PELVIC GIRDLE - the parts that you need to cover up consists of 2 identical hip bones that join with the sacrum posteriorly and each other anteriorly each hip bone has 3 main parts: ILIUM ISCHIUM (gets sore if we sit too long) PUBIS (join together @ the genitals)

Lower limb FEMUR (longest & strongest) PATELLA (sesamoid bone) TIBIA (shin) FIBULA (calf)

Tarsals (ankle) talus - goes in between tibia & fibula ends calcaneus (heel) cuboid (fibula side) navicular (tibia side) 3 cuneiform (lateral, intermediate, medial)

foot METATARSALS – foot PHALANGES – toes 1 per ‘digit’ (1st metatarsal connects to ‘big toe’) PHALANGES – toes 3 per toe (except big toe...only 2)

Learning goals We are learning to identify and locate the bones of the skeletal system!