Ch 10 Cell Growth and Division

10-1 Cell Growth The larger a cell becomes, the more trouble it has moving nutrients and waste across the cell membrane.

10-1 Cell Growth Cell division- the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells. Spoiler

10-2 Cell Division Mitosis- the first stage of cell division where the nucleus divides. Cytokinesis- the second stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides.

10-2 Cell Division Chromatid- one of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome. Centromeres- the area, usually near the middle, where each pair of chromatids are attached.

10-2 Cell Division Interphase- the period in between one cell division and the next one. Cell cycle- the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

10-2 Cell Division During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again.

10-2 Cell Division Biologists divide mitosis into four phases: 1) prophase 2) metaphase 3) anaphase 4) telophase

10-2 Cell Division Prophase- the first and longest phase of mitosis. Centrioles position near opposite sides of the nucleus. They help organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that separates the chromosomes.

10-2 Cell Division Metaphase- second, short phase where chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

10-2 Cell Division Anaphase- third phase sister chromatids split and begin to move to opposite sides of the cell.

10-2 Cell Division Telophase- last phase chromosomes begin to relax into “tangle of spaghetti.” Nuclear envelope re-forms around both sets of chromosomes. Mitosis video

10-3 Regulating the Cell Cycle Cyclins- proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

10-3 Regulating the Cell Cycle Cancer- a disorder in which some body cells lose the ability to control growth. Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate most cell growth.