Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Question What are the advantages of folded membranes? How do cells differentiate? Compare/Contrast prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells

The Cell All Living things are composed of cells All Cells have/contain the following: Cell Membrane – aka: Lipid Bilayer cytoplasm

The Cell Membrane Cell Membrane - Lipid Bilayer - Separates inside from outside

Membranes Folded membranes: Advantages of folded membranes: Increased surface area Increase cell process efficiency Form interconnected compartments

What are the advantages of folded membranes? Essential Question What are the advantages of folded membranes?

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm - everything but DNA/Nucleus

Two cell types Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells No nucleus Less complex MUCH smaller Has nucleus More complex MUCH larger

Prokaryotic cells 1. Primitive cells – include bacteria 2. No nucleus 3.     No Membrane-bound organelles 4.     Very Small 1-10 micrometers 5.     Single Strand of Circular “naked” DNA called plasmids 6.     Contain Ribosomes

Typical Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cells 1. Contain a Nucleus which protects DNA / Chromosomes 2. Much larger than prokaryotic cells 3. Have many different types of Membrane bound organelles - compartmentalization = efficiency

Animal Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells Animal Eukaryotic Cell Plant Eukaryotic Cell

Secret to cell differentiation DNA!!! Recall back to organics that nucleic acids such as DNA function to store genetic information This genetic information is the instruction that leads cells to specialize into their cell types and perform their specific functions in multicellular organisms Lets look at some of these specialized cells

How do cells differentiate? Essential Question How do cells differentiate?

Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Both have a cell membrane Both have cytoplasm Both have a DNA Both contain ribosomes

Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Much smaller in size Much larger in size Have a nucleus No nucleus Have organelles No organelles

Essential Question What are the advantages of folded membranes? How do cells differentiate? Compare/Contrast prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells