Chapter 13, Section 1: The Economy Europe Today Chapter 13, Section 1: The Economy

Important Vocabulary Heavy Industry: the manufacture of machinery and industrial equipment. Ex: Germany, France, and Italy. Light Industry: specializing in high-end electronics and specialty tools. Lack of industrial raw materials. Mixed Farming: raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm.

Vocabulary (Cont’d) Farm Cooperative: organizations in which farmers share in growing and selling products, reducing costs and increasing profits. Ex: Denmark. Genetically Modified Food: foods with genes altered to make them grow bigger or faster or more resistant to pests. Organic Farming: using natural substances instead of chemicals to increase crop yields. Maastricht Treaty: the creation of the European Union in 1992 in Maastricht, Netherlands.

Manufacturing Industry Economics based on natural resources, people, and culture. The birthplace of modern industry. Large deposits of coal and iron ore.

Service Industry Largest percentage of GDP. International banking among Europe’s top service industry. Growing high-tech industries.

Tourist Industry Tourism is also a major service industry. Popular destinations: Italy, Spain, and Greece. Growth in tourism in Eastern Europe.

Agricultural Products Varying percentage of farmers. Various crops grown. Denmark & Holland: dairy production. Scandinavia: fisheries.

Agricultural Processes Western Europe: technological, private farming. Eastern Europe: Shift from Communism to Capitalism.

Agricultural Issues Many Europeans oppose genetically- modified foods. Agriculture subsidies distort trade values and market prices.

Rail & Highway Systems High speeds railways connect Europe’s major cities. Well-developed highway systems. Europe is second in the world in car ownership.

Waterway Systems A seafaring tradition. Large amounts of world shipping and trade. World’s largest port is in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Communications Varying service and print media: TV (INTELSAT), radio, cellphones, newspapers, email, and internet. Higher quality in Western than Eastern Europe.

The European Union (EU) Rise in unity after WWII. European Economic Community formed in 1957. European Union formed in 1992 with Maastricht Treaty.

The EU (Cont’d) Aim: making Europe competitive worldwide. Single currency (Euro), central bank, common foreign policy, and free trade.

New Eastern Europe Shift from command to market economies. Desire for foreign investments and financial aid. New EU members.

Chapter 13, Section 2: People and Environment Europe Today Chapter 13, Section 2: People and Environment

Important Vocabulary Dry Farming: farming in dry areas that produces crops without any irrigation. Acid Rain: acid-producing chemicals combined with air moisture falling to the ground. Meltwater: melting snow and ice.

Vocabulary (Cont’d) Acid Deposition: wet or dry acid pollution that falls to the ground. Environmentalist: people concerned about the environment. Global Warming: an increase in the average global surface temperature.

Managing Resources Europeans face challenges from their physical geography. Heavy rains have brought widespread issues.

Resources (Cont’d) Farming has led to soil erosions. Two-thirds of forests have been lost. Steps taken to re- forest lands.

Human Impacts “Black Triangle” – poor air quality. Waste dumps also affecting air, land, and water quality.

Impacts (Cont’d) Acid rain has ruined forests. Acid rain has reduced fish populations. Corrosion of buildings, statues, and bridges.

Impacts (Cont’d) The EU has strict vehicle emission standards. Air and water pollution has led to health, marine wildlife, and irrigation problems.

Future Challenges The EU has made efforts to clean-up the environment. Lower emission standards. New investments made in alternative energies.