THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Industrial Revolution
Advertisements

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Beginning of the Industrial Revolution
Question 1 Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? A. England B. France C. United States D. China E. All of the Above.
“PLEASE MR. COTTER… NO MORE REVOLUTIONS!!!” THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
The Beginnings of Industrialization
The Beginnings of Industrialization
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Good Morning! Bell Ringer Pick up an Upfront Magazine and the corresponding questions Read the article on pages and answer the questions.
The Industrial Revolution The greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England in the 18 th century.
The Industrial Revolution. Journal Write Please discuss items that have been invented or greatly improved within your lifetime.
Chapter 9 The Industrial Revolution
25-1 The Beginnings of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.
UNIT 8 Chapter 25 – The Industrial Revolution
25-4 “Reforming the Industrial World” The Industrial Revolution leads to economic, social, and political reforms.
25.4 Reforming the Industrial World
The Beginnings of Industrialization. What is the Industrial Revolution? Greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England. It began.
The Beginnings of Industrialization Chapter 25 Section 1 p
Industrial Revolution. California State Standards  Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize  Examine how scientific.
The Origins of the Industrial Revolution. Agricultural Rev. brought about the Industrial Rev.
Chapter 9 Section 1.  Upon completion, students should be able to: 1. Explain the causes of the Industrial Revolution 2. Describe the new inventions.
The Industrial Revolution Tull - seed drill Kay - flying shuttle Hargreaves - spinning jenny Arkwright -water frame.
Intro Question - What do you think is the next step for technological progress in our society? OR What areas in our current technologies could be improved?
The Beginnings of Industrialization I can explain how the industrial age began in Great Britain and describe the key inventions that made it possible.
Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Agricultural Revolution Enclosures Crop Rotation Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill Livestock Breeding.
The Industrial Revolution. Setting the Stage  The two centuries between the early 1700’s and the 1900’s not only brought political revolutions, but a.
Agricultural Revolution
READ PAGE 282, ANSWER THE TWO QUESTIONS AT THE BOTTOM AND TURN INTO THE TRAY. Grab a book off the shelf.
Unit 10 Nationalism, Industrialism, Imperialism, & Militarism Industrialization.
Industrial Revolution Moving Forward in History. ► IR – increased output of machine-made goods ► Began in England in 18 th Century ► Enclosures – large.
#3 Ch. 9.1 The Beginnings of Industrialization. California State Standard 10:3:2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy.
Study Questions What defines a revolution? (short answer) What is Crop Rotation? Pg. 283 What is an Entrepreneur? Pg. 287 What American invention aided.
The Beginning of Industrialization
Warm Up 10/17/16  In your opinion, what’s the greatest invention of ALL TIME?
The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity. Changes in technology and exchange during.
Spread of Industrialization
The Beginnings of Industrialization
Intro Question - What do you think is the next step for technological progress in our society? OR What areas in our current technologies could be improved?
The Industrial Revolution 1750s
25.4 Reforming the Industrial World
The Industrial Revolution
The Beginnings of Industrialization
25.4 Reforming the Industrial World
In the United States, France and Latin America, political revolutions brought in new governments. A different type of revolution now transformed the way.
The Beginnings of Industrialization
Industrial Revolution & Age of Reform
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution Take Home Notes
25.4 Reforming the Industrial World
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution,
Ch. 9 Industrial Revolution
The Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
January 2, 2018 Happy New Years!
Industrial Revolution
Reforming the Industrial World
Beginnings of Industrialization
Chapter 9 Section 1 The Beginnings of Industrialization
25.4 Reforming the Industrial World
Please take out two pieces of binder paper
Industrial Revolution & Age of Reform
UNIT 3 Industrialism and The Race for Empire
Agenda Permission Slips What do you know about industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution
Presentation transcript:

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700 - 1900

Industrial Revolution Essential Question How did the Industrial Revolution begin and spread and how did it affect economies, politics, and society?

Industrialism Begins Setting the Stage: In the United States, France, and Latin America political revolutions brought new governments. A different type of revolution now transformed the way people worked. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: The shift, beginning In the 1750s, from making goods by hand to making them by machine. Industrialism New economic system Rely on machinery rather than animal and human power

The Beginnings of Industrialization a. Wealthy landowners began buying up most of the land that was worked by village farmers. b. The large landowners improved farming methods

A. The Agricultural Revolution paves the way Landowners enclosed smaller farms into one large area Enclosures Landowners experimented with more productive seeding and farming methods to grow bigger and better crops. Results Landowners tried new agricultural methods Large landowners force small farmers to become a tenant farmer or give up farming and move to cities.

Jethro Tull First Scientific Farmer; invented the seed drill, which allowed to plant seed in well spaced rows.

B. Rotating Crops System of growing different crops in a field each year to improve the fertility of the land Allowed farmers to grow more/better crops. Livestock breeders improved methods too. Only allowed the best livestock to breed which increased weight of animals.

3. Result: As food supplies increased and living conditions improved, England’s population grew very fast. An increasing population boosted the demand for food and goods such as cloth. Farmers who lost their land became factory workers.

The Beginnings of Industrialization Rotating Crops Crop rotation – switching crops each year to avoid soil depletion Selective Breeding – Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve the food supply

Selective Breeding

Why did the IR begin in Britain? Extensive Natural Resources

Industrialization – the processes of developing machine production of goods which requires resources. Water power and coal to fuel machines Iron ore to construct machines, tools and buildings Rivers for transportation Harbors from which merchant ships can set sail.

Expanding Economy to support industrialization. Investment in manufacture of new inventions Highly developed banking system Availability of bank loans for investment Growing overseas trade Political stability Positive attitude Parliament passed laws to encourage and protect business adventures

***Britain had all of the factors of production (resources needed to produce goods and services that were needed for the Industrial Revolution) A. Land B. Labor C. Capital (wealth)

II. Inventions Spur Industrialization 1. Inventions revolutionized industry 2. Britain's textile industry clothed the world in wool, linen, and cotton was the FIRST to be transformed.

Inventions Spur Industrialization Changes in the Textile Industry Flying Shuttle (1733) John Kay Doubled the work a weaver could do in a day

Inventions Spur Industrialization (cont) Spinning Jenny (1764) James Hargreaves One spinner could work eight thread at a time

Inventions Spur Industrialization (cont) Water Frame Water Frame (1769) Richard Arkwright Machines could now be powered by water, not just hand

Inventions Spur Industrialization (cont) . Samuel Crompton- Spinning Mule- made thread that was stronger, finer, and more consistent than earlier spinning machines.

Inventions Spur Industrialization (cont) Power Loom (1787) Edmund Cartwright Sped up the weaving process

Inventions Spur Industrialization Changes in the Textile Industry (cont) Cotton Gin (1793) Eli Whitney Multiplied the amount of cotton produced Development of Factories Buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing First factories needed to be near rivers for water power

The Cotton Gin and Eli Whitney

The First Factories

3. Inventions in America In the United States, American inventors worked at making railroad travel more comfortable, inventing adjustable upholstered seats. They also revolutionized agriculture, manufacturing, and communications:

a. 1831 Cyrus McCormick’s reaper boosted American wheat production.   b. 1837 Samuel F. B. Morse, a New England painter, first sent electrical signals over a telegraph.

. 1851 I. M. Singer improved the sewing machine by inventing a foot treadle (pedal) d. 1876 Scottish-born inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone.

Improvements in Transportation 1. Progress in the textile industry spurred other industrial improvements for example, the steam engine.

A. Watt’s Steam Engine 1. James Watt - figured out a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel 2. Matthew Boulton- entrepreneur a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business. Paid Watt to build better engines

James Watt and the Steam Engine

B. Water Transportation 1. Robert Fulton- built a steamboat- ferried passengers up and down the Hudson River. 2. In England, water transportation improved with the creation of a network of canals, or human- made waterways.

Robert Fulton and the Clermont

C. Road Transportation 1. John McAdam- equipped road beds with a layer of large stones for drainage a. heavy wagons could travel over the new “macadam” roads without sinking in mud. 2. Turnpikes or Toll Roads were invented- travelers had to stop to pay tolls before traveling farther.

The Railway Age Begins Railroad Revolutionize Life The Railroad System Spurs industrial growth Creates jobs Provides cheaper transportation Boosts many industries Causes people move to cities

**** The railroad locomotive—drove English industry after 1820. A. Steam-Driven Locomotives 1. Richard Trevithick hauled ten tons of iron over nearly ten miles of track in a steam- driven locomotive. 2. George Stephenson- world’s first railroad line.

B. The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad 1. The entrepreneurs of northern England wanted a railroad line to connect the port of Liverpool with the inland city of Manchester. The Rocket was the engine that was on the railway line.

C. Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain 1. railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products. 2. the railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.

3. the railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which could transport their products to distant cities. 4. by making travel easier, railroads encouraged country people to take distant city jobs.

The Railway Age Begins First Railroad Line George Stephenson (1825) Liverpool-Manchester Line (1829) Used Stephenson’s “Rocket” World’s best locomotive

QUICK QUIZ 1. What were four factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain? 2. How did rising population help the Industrial Revolution? 3. What American invention aided the British textile industry?

II. Industrialization Industrialization Changes Life Factory Work Pays more than farms Spurs the demand for more expensive goods Rise of Industrial Cities Urbanization – movement of people to city Population growth provides work force, markets for goods Major cities: London, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham

The Working Class Living Conditions Rapid Urbanization caused: Cities without adequate housing, education, and police protection Urban slums Disease and sickness spread quickly Life span is only 17 years Lack of sanitary & building codes

The Working Class Working Conditions Average workday – 14-16 hours 6 days a week, year round Dirty, poorly lit factories Numerous injuries and death No health insurance No labor laws Eventually replaced by machines Huge population means large unemployment

The Rise of the Middle Class Factories helped to create a new group of people – the middle class Skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, managers, and professionals Had a comfortable standard of living Looked down upon by aristocrats and landowners

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Immediate Benefits Creates jobs Enriches nation Encourages technological progress Education expands Cheaper goods, including clothing Long Term Effects Improved standard of living Improved working conditions Increase in taxes lead to urban improvements

III. Industrialization Spreads The Rise of Corporations Stock Limited ownership rights for company Sold to raise money Corporation Company owned by stockholders Share profits not debts Large corporations attempt to control as much business as they can

The Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global Inequality Wealth gap between nations widens Europe & US gain economic power Non-industrialized nations fall further behind African and Asian countries lag Still based on agriculture Imperialism spreads Need for raw materials and new markets European nations & US exploit colonies for resources Transformation of Society The Middle Class gains influence and power Begins calls for reform

IV. Philosophers of Industrialization Laissez-faire Economics Policy of not interfering with business “The Wealth of Nations” Published by Adam Smith Defended free markets & laissez-faire Economic liberty guarantees economic progress Economic natural laws Self-interest Competition Supply and Demand

The Economists of Capitalism System of privately owned businesses seeking profits Malthus and Ricardo Thomas Malthus Believed populations grew faster than the food supply Wars, epidemics kill off extra people or misery and poverty result David Ricardo Saw a permanent poor underclass that provided cheap labor

Malthus Ricardo

Utilitarianism and Utopia Judge things by their usefulness (Bentham) Regulation to help workers and spread wealth (JS Mill) Utopian Society Established by Robert Owen Community that improved worker conditions and provided cheap housing Located in New Harmony, Indiana

The Rise of Socialism Socialism Power of the Government Factors of production owned by, operated for the people Power of the Government Government control can end Poverty Bring equality

Radical Socialism – Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Fundamental Beliefs Society divided into warring classes The “haves” vs. the “have-nots” The “haves” Employers or bourgeoisie The “have-nots” The workers or proletariat Prediction The workers will overthrow the owners

The Future According to Marx Capitalism will destroy itself Inequality would cause workers to revolt This would lead to communism Society where people own and share the means of production What are the “means of production”? Land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses

Labor Unions and Reform Laws What is a union? Association formed by laborers to work for change What do they do? Negotiate for better wages and conditions Who were the first to do this? Skilled workers are the first to unionize How were they able to do this? Movement in US and UK to fight to right to unionize

Labor Unions and Reform Laws Laws were passed to stop abuses of industrialization Examples of reform laws Maximum workday Ending or limiting of child labor

The Reform Movement Spreads Abolition of Slavery Reformers help to end slavery In British Empire (1833) The Americas (1888) Fight for Women’s Rights Pursuit of economic and social rights as early as 1848 Founding of the International Council for Women (1888)

Other Reforms Free public education Prison reform also sought Established in Europe by late 1800s Established in US by 1850s Prison reform also sought Focus on rehabilitation

Nineteenth Century Progress Inventions and Inventors Make Life Easier Thomas Edison Granted over 1,000 patents from his research Including the light bulb

Nineteenth Century Progress Inventions and Inventors Make Life Easier (cont) Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephone (1876)

Nineteenth Century Progress Inventions and Inventors Make Life Easier Guglielmo Marconi Invented the radio (1895)

Nineteenth Century Progress Inventions and Inventors Make Life Easier Karl Benz Invented the automobile in 1885 Henry Ford Lowers the cost of the automobile using the assembly line

Nineteenth Century Progress Inventions and Inventors Make Life Easier The Wright Brothers Develop the first working airplane

Nineteenth Century Progress New Ideas in Medicine Medical research leads to Development of vaccines Improvement in sanitation Louis Pasteur Discovered the bacteria cause disease Joseph Lister Links bacteria to surgical problems Begins the sterilization process of tools

Nineteenth Century Progress New Ideas in Science Beginning of numerous branches: Archeology study of society through material remains Sociology study of people and societies Anthropology study of the origin, the behavior, and development of humans Psychology study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors

Nineteenth Century Progress New Ideas in Science Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution Gradually over time species evolve Gregor Mendel Discovers patterns to inherited traits Begins the science of genetics

Nineteenth Century Progress New Ideas in Science (cont) John Dalton Theorizes that all matter is made of atoms Dmitri Mendeleev Creates Periodic Table of the Elements Marie and Pierre Curie Discover radioactivity Marie becomes the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize (Science)

Nineteenth Century Progress New Ideas in Science (cont) Ivan Pavlov Human actions are unconscious reactions Sigmund Freud Studied the unconscious mind

Ivan Pavlov

Nineteenth Century Progress Development of Mass Culture 1800s saw the creation of Movie Theaters Professional Sports Boxing Baseball

THE END