Notes #40 I can: Identify plant adaptations Plants Notes #40 I can: Identify plant adaptations

Multicellular/unicellular Prokaryotic/eukaryotic Plants are ALWAYS: Multicellular/unicellular Prokaryotic/eukaryotic Autotrophic/heterotrophic Means: many cells Means: has nucleus Means: does photosynthesis to get food Plant cells have 2 organelles that animals don’t: chloroplast and cell wall There are 2 main types of plants: non-vascular and vascular

Think What does it mean to say that plants are autotrophs? What 2 organelles do plant cells have that animals don’t? What are the 2 main types of plants?

Non-vascular Plants The oldest (most primitive) kind of plants Do not have roots, stems, leaves or vascular tissue (for transport) Also called bryophytes Example: moss, hornwort, liverwort Cannot grow tall

Think What is the most primitive type of plant? What is an example of a non-vascular plant? Why do you think non-vascular plants can’t grow tall?

Vascular Plants Evolved more recently Have a transport system (called vascular tissue) Examples: palm tree, pine tree, grass LOOK FAMILIAR?

Know these parts of a plant. flower leaf stem roots

Basic Plant Anatomy Leaves: are green so they absorb sunlight to do photosynthesis! They contain the pigment chlorophyll Roots: go into the ground to absorb water and nutrients Stem: goes from the roots to the leaves, so is used to transport materials and for support

There are 2 types of vascular tissue: xylem & phloem Xylem: used to transport water Phloem: used to transport nutrients (think phloem and food) THINK: In which direction does xylem transport water? In which direction does phloem transport nutrients?

Adaptations REMEMBER: An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce Plants have adaptations to match their environment Example: If you didn’t have much sunlight, you would want big leaves

the xylem transports water A plant needs to transport a lot of water It would need because a big xylem the xylem transports water

leaves cause it to lose water A plant lives in a dry desert environment It would need because fewer leaves leaves cause it to lose water

Plant Reproduction and Classification

Plant Reproduction Plants reproduce in 2 ways: 1. Spores: Small, tough particles that do not contain much food for the new plant Reproduction by spores is more simple and does not use as much energy. (This makes sense because plants that use them are more primitive)

2. Seeds: Usually larger than spores because they contain food for the new plant Reproduction by seeds is more complex.

Plant Reproduction All plants normally have both male and female parts. The male part produces pollen (just like male animals produce sperm). The female part produces ovules (just like the female animals produce eggs).

Plant Reproduction Because plants cannot move fertilization happens differently with plants. Plants have 2 main strategies for fertilization. 1. Air: Plants use the wind to spread their pollen to other nearby plants and fertilize the ovule. These plants often have cones and no flowers

2. Flowers: Plants use animals to spread their pollen to other nearby plants. The animal will come to the flower and get covered in pollen, then go to the next flower and transfer the pollen to the ovule.

Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm

Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm