How does life change in each zone of the ocean? Oceanography How does temperature, pressure and amount of light change in each zone of the ocean? How does life change in each zone of the ocean?

Oceans Largest reservoir of heat Stored heat drives weather/climate Ocean currents are a source of large scale distribution of energy and resources

Ocean Water Sodium chloride Salinity: A measure of the amount of dissolved solids in water. Evaporation increases salinity Fresh water decreases salinity

Sources of Oxygen 1. Mixed in from the air 2. Gets added in by plants

Sources of solids Dissolved chemicals and solids washed into oceans through erosion Suspended particles swept by the wind Solid and gaseous ejections from underwater volcanoes

Division by light levels Photic – light Euphotic – upper 200 meters Majority of life and economic activity Aphotic – aka midnight zone

Division by Ocean temperatures Surface Layer Location and season

Thermocline The temperature drops fast with depth.

Deep Water Cold all year .

Division by land features Shore (Neritic) Open Ocean (Pelagic or Oceanic) Deep Ocean (Abyssal)

Neritic Zone Low tide point to a depth of 200m Covers most of the continental shelf

Oceanic Zone Aka Pelagic Zone Open Ocean

Deep Ocean Abyssal Plains Marianas Trench (11,000m/56,000 ft.)

Other Oceanic Terms to Know Benthic – bottom dwelling Nekton – animals that are able to actively swim Plankton – plants/animals that are unable to fight currents Intertidal – between the tides

Ocean Exploration 1. Pressure 2. Darkness 3. Lack of air 4. Chilling cold

Ocean Floor Like land, the ocean floor has: mountains, trenches, hills, plains, and canyons.

Ocean Floor Mapping Sonar and Satellites