Chemical Names and Formulas Overview •Metals and Non-Metals •Ions and Ionic Charges •Types of Compounds •Systematic Names -Writing Names and Formulas
Naming Compounds Tutorial General Information Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions Naming w/metals that have more than 1 charge (Transition Metals) Molecular Compounds Naming Acids
Metals and Nonmetals Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non- metals B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi- metals All others are metals
Ions Cations Positively Charged Atoms i.e. Na+ Anions Negatively Charged Atoms i.e. Cl-
IONIC CHARGES Group I -> Group II -> Group III -> Group IV -> 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
IONIC CHARGES Group V -> Group VI -> Group VII -> Group VIII -> 3- 2- 1- Noble Gases
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic Compounds negative ions. to one another. • composed of positive and negative ions. • usually formed from a metal and non-metal. • these elements are not attached to one another.
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic Compounds con’t • Examples NaCl CaBr2 KI
CHEMICAL FORMULAS Definition i. e. NaCl • shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance. i. e. NaCl
IONIC COMPOUNDS A formula unit is the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound. i.e. Na2Cl2 -> NaCl There is no such thing as a molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!
NAMING COMPOUNDS Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS Binary means 2 elements Ionic means a metal and a non-metal (or cation and anion) Writing Formulas • charges must balance so compound charge is neutral.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS Writing Formulas from Names • 1st word = CATION • 2nd word = ANION name with ide ending.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS NaBr MgF2 Sodium Bromide Magnesium Fluoride
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS Potassium Chloride Aluminum Oxide • notice ending of name is ide! K+Cl- -> KCl Al23+O32- -> Al2O3
Polyatomic Ions Definition •tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge. Example SO32-, NO2-, ClO2-
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS Ternary means 3 different elements Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions Ionic means cation and anion
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing Formulas Ca2+CO32- -> CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: Naming Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO3)2
Naming with Transition Metals First word = CATION Second word = ANION • You need to determine what charge is on the transition metal if more than one exists.
Naming Transition Metals Copper (I) Oxide Cu2O
Writing Formulas with Transition Metals FeCl3 FeCl2 Iron (III) Chloride Iron (II) Chloride
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Molecular Compounds • composed of molecules in which elements share electrons. • usually composed of 2 nonmetals. • these elements are attached
MOLECULAR FORMULA Definition kinds of atoms present in a • shows the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound. i. e. CO
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Molecular Compounds con’t •Examples CS2 SiO2 BF3
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Binary means 2 elements Molecular means 2 non-metals NO ionic charges are present
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each molecule. mono, di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
Writing Binary Molecular Compounds Carbon Dioxide • Di means 2 oxygens!! CO2 •no mono prefix is used on first element
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds 2 ways it’s done! • (prefix + element name) i.e. N2O dinitrogen monoxide
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • (prefix + element root + ide) i.e. PCl3 Phosphorous Trichloride All binary compounds end in ide!!!
Naming with Acids Anion Endings ide Example HCl Acid Name hydro- (stem)- ic acid Hydrochloric Acid
Naming with Acids Anion Ending ite Example Hydrogen Sulfite Acid Name (stem)-ous acid Sulfurous Acid
Naming with Acids Anion Ending ate Example Hydrogen Sulfate Acid Name (stem)-ic acid Sulfuric Acid