JDS International Seminar 2018 The Efficiency Analysis of Rice Farmers in the Upper East Region of Ghana Presented by: Kofi Kyei. Supervisor: Prof. Kenichi Matsui

OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVES 3. METHODOLOGY 4. RESULTS 5. CONCLUSION 6. RECOMMENDATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION - GHANA Population: 28.21 million (2016 estimate) Land Area: 23,884,245 hectares GDP: 42.69 Billion USD (2016 estimate) Agriculture to GDP: 25% Main Agricultural Exports: Cocoa & Timber Main Agricultural Imports: Wheat, Sugar, Chicken & Rice Source:www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/ghana_map.htm

1.2 GHANA’S RICE SECTOR 47% Self - Sufficient Frequent flooding Source: Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2016)

2. OBJECTIVES To find the efficiency of rice farmers in the Upper East region of Ghana. To examine the causes of rice production decline in the Upper East region.

3. STUDY AREA – KASSENA NANKANA MUNICIPAL Population: 109,944 representing 10.5% of the region (2010 PHC, GSS) Households:19,790 Average Household Size: 5.4 persons per household Livelihood: 82.7% of households engaged in Agriculture Study area Source: Ghana Statistical Service (2014)

4.1 Previous Research Works RESEARCH Topic AUTHOR(S) FINDINGS Estimation of Technical Efficiency of Tea Small Holdings Sector, Sri Lanka Basnayaka B. M. J. K et al (2002) Age, education and occupation significantly affect farmers’ efficiency Efficiency across Ecological Zones and Farm size groups in Paddy Farms in India Bedassa et al (1997) Land, labor and quantity of fertilizer significantly influence paddy production

4. METHODOLOGY Data Sources 1. Primary data (Questionnaire survey) QUANTITATIVE METHOD Data Sources 1. Primary data (Questionnaire survey) Analysis Approach Total Factor Productivity (TFP) to estimate farmers efficiency Regression Analysis (Excel) Multi-Stage Sampling Technique Random sampling (5 communities) Purposive selection of 150 Farmers (Irrigation & Rainfed)

4.2 Formula for TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (TFP) TFP = Aggregate output/Aggregate input. Aggregate Output = Total cost of rice produced. Aggregate Input = Total cost of farm inputs (Land, Labor and Fertilizer) Antle et al. (1993)

. 5. RESULTS

5.1 EFFICIENCY OF FARMERS

5.2 SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 150 FARMERS IRRIGATION RAINFED MEAN S.D AGE 48 10.96 47 11.05 LAND SIZE (ACRE) 4 2.08 3 2.23 YEARS OF LAND USE 15 8.13 13 7.77 HOUSEHOLD SIZE 10 5.56 6.22 NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLD 2.71 2.47 HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS IN RICE FARMING 5 2.34 6 2.83 NUMBER OF HIRED LABOR 9 4.83 7 3.52 YEARS OF SCHOOLING 4.82 4.70 EXTENSION SERVICE CONTACT (No. of times/year) 2 1.08 1.01

5.3 RICE PRODUCED BY GENDER

5.4 FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTION VARIABLE R - SQUARED CORRELATION® P - VALUE EQUATION LAND 0.764 0.874 1.13E-36 11.36X + 8.621 LABOR 0.381 0.617 9.11E-06 4.044X + 16.28 FERTILIZER 0.001 0.0316 0.915457 -3.047X + 52.31

5.5 SOCIAL VARIABLES ON PRODUCTION R - SQUARED CORRELATION® P - VALUE EQUATION AGE 0.063 0.2529 0.000724437 0.640X + 18.43 FARMING EXPERIENCE 0.009 0.095 0.037858166 0.300X + 43.20 EXTENSION SERVICE CONTACT 0.023 0.152 0.185035421 4.057X + 41.63 EDUCATION 0.010 0.1 2.55E-20 0.599X + 44.59

5.6 FINDINGS Causes of Rice Production Decline Land size Labor Years of Farming Experience Education

6. CONCLUSION Farms with larger land sizes with more hired laborers are more efficient than those with smaller land sizes & labor force. Experienced farmers tend to be more efficient compared. Rice production can be increased if younger farmers learn from experienced farmers.

7. POLICY RECOMMENDATION The Ghanaian gov’t invest in rural agricultural education through extension service personnel and connect experienced farmers to younger ones. To increase productivity among women farmers, the Ghana gov’t should support women’s land rights, providing childcare services and education opportunities.

REFERENCES Antle, John M., Tom McGuckin (1993). “Technological Innovation, Agricultural Productivity, and Environmental Quality” in Agricultural and Environmental Resource Economics, edited by Gerald A. Carlson, David Zilberman and John A. Miranowski, pp 175-220. Ghana Statistical Service (2014). “2010 population and housing census: A summary report of results. Retrieved on September 15, 2017 from Government of Ghana http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/pop_stats.html. Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2014). “Agriculture in Ghana, Facts and Figures.” Retrieved on September 24, 2017 from Government of Ghana.

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