Essential Question (U.S. Standard 8) Explain the relationship between growing North-South divisions and westward expansion.

Essential Question (Indicator 8A) Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; including the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas).

Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper entitled The Liberator and called for the ______________ and complete abolition of slavery Frederick Douglas 1. worked as an _______ slave 2. published a _________ 3. lectured about the evils of _________ immediate Immediate; immediate; newspaper; slavery On Jan. 1, 1831, he published the first number of the Liberator, a paper that he continued for 35 years (to Dec. 29, 1865), until after the Thirteenth Amendment had been adopted. In the Liberator, Garrison took an uncompromising stand for immediate and complete abolition of slavery. Though its circulation was never over 3,000, the paper became famous for its startling and quotable language. Garrison relied wholly upon moral persuasion, believing in the use of neither force nor the ballot to gain his end. His language antagonized many. In 1835 he was physically attacked in Boston by a mob composed of seemingly respectable people, and thereby won a valuable convert to his cause in Wendell Phillips. In 1836 he was apprenticed to a shipyard in Baltimore, MD but he escaped (1838) and settled in New Bedford, MA, where he assumed the name by which he became known. After he made a speech before the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society (1841), he was hired as an agent and he lectured throughout the North. Because his intelligence and speaking abilities led some to question whether he had been a slave, he published Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845). Then, fearing for his freedom, he fled to England, where he lectured with such effect that the British contributed a generous sum of money that, together with money contributed by Americans, helped him buy his freedom when he returned to the USA (1847). He went to Rochester, NY, where he co-founded (with Martin Delany) the abolitionist periodical North Star, which he edited for 16 years (the Frederick Douglass's Paper from 1851). In 1859 he took refuge in Canada for a short time because he was falsely accused of aiding John Brown. He took a more gradualist approach to ending slavery but never wavered as the leading voice of African-Americans' call for freedom and equality. During the Civil War he urged President Lincoln to emancipate the slaves, and he helped recruit African-American troops. urban newspaper slavery

Essential Question (Indicator 8B) Explain the Missouri Compromise, and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.

1820-1821 Missouri

Missouri joined the Union as a slave state. Maine entered as a free state. North of 36 30’ slavery was banned forever. South of 36 30’ slavery was permitted. The result was that the balance of free and ___________ states was maintained. slave