Classification of Living Things Diversity of Life

What is classification? Classification is the grouping of things according to characteristics The science of classifying organisms is known as taxonomy

Early classification systems Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved John Ray was the first to use the term “species”

Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Linnaeus Two-name system Each organism has a genus and a species name First name (genus); second name (species)

What is a scientific name? Combination of the genus and species name of an organism Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined: (Genus is capitalized; species name is lower-case)

Questions What is classification? Why is classifying living things important? What is taxonomy? Describe binomial nomenclature.

Questions Who developed a system for naming living organisms? For what is John Ray known? What is a scientific name of an organism and how is it written?

Seven classification groups of living things Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Questions What are the seven classification groups? Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools

The Dichotomous Key A key is a device for easily and quickly identifying an unknown organism. The dichotomous key is the most widely used type in biological sciences. The user is presented with a sequence of choices between two statements, couplets, based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed.

                                                            

1.   A. one pair of wings B. Two pairs of wings

• Domain Archaea The Three Domains Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Includes newly discovered cell types Contains 1 kingdom – the Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria Includes other members of old kingdom Monera Has 1 kingdom – the Eubacteria Domain Eukarya Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells – Protista – Fungi – Animalia – Plantae

A group at any level is a taxon. The major classification levels, from most general to most specific (several of these have subdivisions) A group at any level is a taxon.

Categories within Kingdoms Kingdoms are divided into groups called phyla Phyla are subdivided into classes Classes are subdivided into orders Orders are subdivided into families Families are divided into genera Genera contain closely related species Species is unique Categories within Kingdoms