7.3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Key Concepts How are proteins made in the cell? What are the differences between DNA and RNA? How does are genetic code work? Vocabulary Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Uracil 3 types of RNA

The Plan Where is DNA found in a cell? Lets Draw what happens: Where are proteins made in a cell? How does DNA help make proteins if it cannot leave the nucleus? Lets Draw what happens:

RNA RNA stands for _____________________ Large molecule that makes proteins for cells There are three types of RNA: mRNA – tRNA – rRNA –

Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) winds up tightly into the ribosome What happens at the ribosome?

RNA Structure A strand of RNA is made of monomers called nucleotides Each nucleotide has three parts: Sugar (ribose) Phosphate Nitrogen base What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA?

DNA and RNA What are three differences between DNA and RNA? 1. 2. 3.

Transcription Process of _________________________ Occurs in the nucleus The nitrogen bases in RNA always bond to their complement on the DNA strand Adenine binds ________________________ Thymine (on DNA) binds to adenine Guanine binds to cytosine

Transcription The enzyme RNA polymerase unzips a DNA molecule RNA nucleotides bond to the DNA What are the base pairing rules for DNA and RNA? Finished mRNA is released into the cytoplasm DNA molecule re-twists into a double helix

Transcription IF DNA is like a cookbook (instructions) then mRNA is like the ________________

Protein Synthesis Proteins are made of monomers called ______________________ Code in DNA and RNA represents different amino acids The order of the nitrogen bases in DNA determines how the amino acids are put together to make a protein Like the alphabet makes words

Genetic Code The genetic code is ______________________________ All organisms have the same nitrogen bases and amino acids So why aren’t all organisms the same?

Genetic Code DNA is transcribed into RNA A group of three bases on RNA is called a ________________________ There are a possible ____ different codons that code for ____ amino acids There are codons to signal the beginning (________) and end (__________)of the protein molecule

Genetic Code

How the Genetic Code Works Transcribe DNA into RNA Divide RNA into codons Translate RNA into an amino acid sequence Decode the following DNA sequence into RNA and amino acids: DNA: T A C A G T C A C A G T A T C G T A RNA: AA:

Translation

Protein Synthesis Summary Create a flow map to show the process of protein synthesis