AFRICAN PATTERN OF LIFE BEFORE URBANIZATION

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Presentation transcript:

AFRICAN PATTERN OF LIFE BEFORE URBANIZATION WORDS TO KNOW: LINEAGE CONSENSUS POLYGAMY AGE GRADE SUBSISTANCE FARMER Caution: It is hard to make a generalization about the people of Africa because of the many cultures throughout the country

FAMILY DEPENDING ON GROUP HUNTERS AND GATHERERS – NUCLEAR WHY? FARMERS AND HERDERS – EXTENDED WHY? “IT TAKES A VILLAGE …. “ “… TO RAISE A CHILD.” AFRICAN PROVERB WORK TOGETHER TO CLEAR THE LAND, TO BUILD A HOME, HARVEST THE CROPS –POOLED LABOR SHARED COMMON LIVING AREA STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY

FAMILY CONT’D PATRIARCHAL – OLDEST MALE LINEAGE – COMMON DISTANT RELATIVES INSTILLS LOYALTY AND SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY TO THE FAMILY AND THE … CLAN/TRIBE – SEVERAL LINEAGES EACH HAD A LEADER RESPECTED

Common Traits or Characteristics of Traditional African Tribal Life The good of the group comes ahead of the good of the individual. All land is owned by the group. Strong feeling of loyalty to the group. Important ceremonies at different parts of a person’s life. Special age and work associations. Deep respect for ancestors. Religion is an important part of everyday life. Government is in the hands of the chiefs [kings].

WOMEN RESPECTED - CHILD BIRTH PLANT, WEED, HARVEST, MARKET EDUCATE CHILDREN PATRIARCHAL HOME – OBEY HUSBAND POLYGAMY – UP TO 4 WIVES CAN OWN PROPERTY AND CAN BE A LEADER

WOMEN CONT’D MARRIED AT AGE 14 AND OLDER ARRANGED THRU FATHER/MOTHER USUALLY OLDER BRIDE PRICE DETERMINED PROMISES NOT TO MISTREAT NO MARRIAGE VOWS http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/3 0/nigerian.wedding.ceremony/index.html

INHERITANCE MATRIARCHAL – MOM’S UNCLE PATRIARCHAL – DAD UNCLE CLOSER THAN DAD PATRIARCHAL – DAD ELDEST SON INHERITS

AGE-GRADE SYSTEM ALL BORN IN SAME YEAR STICK TOGETHER THRU LIFE MAYBE DIFFERENT FOR MALES AND FEMALES BUILDS STRONGER BOND AND SENSE OF COMMUNITY LEARN TO SUPPORT EACH OTHER

GOVERNMENT THERE IS USUALLY A LARGER CONTROLLING GOVERNMENT – KING VILLAGE LEADERS MUST REACH CONSENSUS ON ANY DECISIONS “WHAT IS BEST FOR THE COMMUNITY?”

ECONOMY SUBSISTENCE FARMING – GROWS ONLY WHAT IS NEEDED CROP ROTATION – WHY? LAND IS COMMUNITY PROPERTY CATTLE = HIGHER STATUS

Traditional African Religion ANIMISM 1. Belief in one remote Supreme Being. 2. A world of spirits (good & bad) in all things. 3. Belief in magic and charms. Diviner  mediator between the tribe and God -Interpreters. HEALERS – SPIRITUAL DOCTORS

RELIGION CONT’D UNITES SOCIETY ORAL TRADITIONS & MYTHS MORAL TRUTHS PRAYERS AND RITUALS HONOR ANCESTORS SOULS REBORN IN THEIR CHILDREN

African Diviner (Shaman)

Other Religions in Africa ISLAM  25% * Nigeria  largest sub-Saharan Muslim countries. CHRISTIANITY  20%