I can relate Coriolis effect to wind Warm-Up Wednesday October 7, 2015 Objective I can relate Coriolis effect to wind Warm-Up https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQV72Yzmjyc 3-5 facts

Homeroom - No talking, Work time Your options today: make up missing work work on new vocab (7.E.1.3 & 7.E.1.5) Quizlet Read silently

Homeroom: Foundational Core: Today's word is "dependent variable"

Homeroom: Foundational Core: Today's word is "independent variable"

Finish Air Mass/Wind/Severe Storm C.Notes Today's Agenda Important Dates Finish Air Mass/Wind/Severe Storm C.Notes 10/15 - ALL missing work due 7.E.1.3 & 7.E.1.5 Choice Board due 10/13 Vocab Quiz 10/15 Test 10/20

7.E.1.5 (Wind & Climate) & 7.E.1.3 (Severe storms) C. Notes What is an air mass large section of the lower troposphere that has the same weather throughout Where do air masses form over continents, icecaps or the ocean How are air masses controlled by patterns of heating and cooling over large areas of the Earth’s surface A ir masses Maritime air mass – air mass over ocean Continental air mass – air mass over land Tropical air mass – warm & hot Polar air mass - cold air near the surface Arctic air mass – extremely cold Types of air masses that affect US Maritime tropical (mT) – air masses are warm, moist & usually unstable i They can be associated with fog and low clouds as they moves northward i Some originate in the subtropical Pacific Ocean i Some originate over the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea Maritime polar (mP) – air masses are cool, moist & unstable i Some originate as continental polar air masses over Asia and move westward over the Pacific i Some originate from the North Atlantic and move southwestward toward the Northeast States Continental tropical (cT) – air masses are hot, dry & unstable at low levels and generally stable aloft (upper-level ridge) i originate in northern Mexico i characterized by clear skies and negligible rainfall Continental polar (cP) – air masses are cold, dry & stable i marked by surface high pressure, cold temperatures, and low dew points i originate over northern Canada and Alaska What is the difference between conduction – transfer of heat by touching conduction, convection and i only occurs in solids radiation i Example: pot cooking on a stove’s burner Convection – transfer of heat through particles @ warm particles rise, cool particles sink i Circular motion

7.E.1.5 (Wind & Climate) & 7.E.1.3 (Severe storms) C. Notes Only occurs in liquids & gases i Example: pot of boiling water Radiation – transfer of energy as waves i Example: sun warming Earth How do the 3 types of heat The atmosphere is warmed by radiation and conduction and then is transferred transfer affect Earth’s throughout the atmosphere by convection atmosphere What causes wind Air flowing from high pressure to low pressure Uneven heating and cooling of Earth’s surface Types of wind Local wind examples i Sea breeze @ air moving from ocean to land o Occurs during day when land is warmer than water i Land breeze @ air moving from land to ocean o Occurs during the night when water is warmer than land Global wind examples i Polar easterlies @ cold, fairly weak winds blowing from east to west i Doldrums @ very calm air in a band over the equator i Trade winds @ warm, steady winds that blow back toward the equator in usually clear skies i Prevailing westerlies @ cool air, usually moving quickly toward the poles from west to east in both hemispheres What causes a pressure gradient Island heats faster than water (land heats faster, water stays warmer longer) so the air above the island becomes warmer Molecules in air become further apart i Air expands upward & outward Expansion lowers the air pressure over the island Cooler ocean air moves in toward low-pressure area over the island i Called pressure gradient between ocean and island i Speed of wind depends on pressure gradient o The lower the pressure (hotter the island), the steeper the pressure gradient @ stronger wind What is pressure -gradient force Force that makes the wind blow Where are wind speeds very high Upper troposphere i Jet stream located there What is the jet stream fairly narrow zone of very strong winds in the upper troposphere i Separates warm from cold air What direction does jet streams west to east flow Rather than flowing directly from areas of high pressure to low pressure, as they would Coriolis effect affects wind on a non-rotating planet, winds and currents tend to flow to the right of this direction north of the equator, and to the left of this direction south of the equator

i i his deflection is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones 7.E.1.5 (Wind & Climate) & 7.E.1.3 (Severe storms) C. Notes T his deflection is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones As ocean currents move westward along the equator, they absorb lots of solar energy, What is a warm surface current heat up, and become warm currents Because ocean currents circulate water worldwide, they have a significant impact on the How do currants affect weather movement of energy and moisture between the oceans and the atmosphere Gulf Stream Example of warm surface current i One of the strongest known currents i As the Gulf Stream approaches Cape Hatteras, North Carolina the cold current that flows from the north separates it from the coast as warm Gulf Stream waters from the south (Florida) combine with the cold winds a dense concentration of fog forms along with an immense heat transfer causing atmospheric storms to intensify in this region What is a storm natural disturbances in the atmosphere that involve air pressure, clouds, precipitation, and strong winds

7.E.1.5 (Wind & Climate) & 7.E.1.3 (Severe storms) C. Notes Major types of storms Thunderstorms i known as electrical storms i brief, intense storms that affect a small area i characterized by the presence of lightning and thunder i produced rapidly when rising air causes cumulus clouds to build upward into a thunderhead i are usually accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain and sometimes snow, hail or no precipitation at all i cloud type associated with thunderstorms are cumulonimbus Hurricanes i huge, rotating storms that form over the ocean near the equator i produce very strong winds, heavy rains, and large, powerful waves and can cause severe flooding and damage from strong winds Tornadoes i violently whirling winds sometimes visible as a funnel-shaped cloud i produced by severe thunderstorms i Spiraling high winds and extremely low pressure are the unique features Winter storms i are associated with quickly moving cold fronts and they can produce high winds, very low temperatures i possible blizzards i ice storms and large accumulations of snow Floods i occur when an area is inundated with water i most often associated with hurricanes and thunderstorms