Figure 1 Exercise enhances insulin sensitivity

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Figure 1 Exercise enhances insulin sensitivity Figure 1 | Exercise enhances insulin sensitivity. a | Exercise exerts acute effects on glucose uptake in muscle. As exercise-stimulated glucose uptake occurs independently of the effects of insulin, muscle contraction is a potent stimulator of glucose uptake in both healthy and insulin-resistant muscle51,206,207. b | Diseases related to obesity, inactivity and age, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus208, are strongly linked to the development of insulin resistance within the skeletal muscle. c | The sensitivity of muscle to insulin is increased for up to 48 h following a single bout of exercise17,20. d | Long-term exercise training also improves the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in muscle24,209. Exercise can, therefore, circumvent dysfunctional insulin signalling and offers a potent nonpharmacological tool to augment glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle to normalize glycaemic control16 GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; HK, hexokinase. Sylow, L. et al. (2016) Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake — regulation and implications for glycaemic control Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.162