Unit 1: Foundations & Development

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 1: Foundations & Development Creating the Constitution

The Constitutional Convention Also called Philadelphia Convention bc it was held in Philadelphia(1787) Purpose = to fix the Articles All13 states to send delegates to Philadelphia 55 delegates

The Constitutional Convention Rhode Island didn’t attend wanted control of own state Delegates influenced by British principles & thinkers: Magna Carta, British Parliament, Mayflower Compact, English Bill of Rights, The Enlightenment & its thinkers (John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau)

The Constitutional Convention Delegates kept meetings secret Didn’t want pressure or public interference Know what happened b/c James Madison kept diary Called Father of the Constitution

The Constitutional Convention Initial goal = revise the AoC Eventually threw out AoC Decided new constitution (govt) needed to strengthen govt

Writing the Constitution Framers estab sys of govt called federalism Divides govt’s powers btwn national govt & state govt Delegates wanted diff things under federal sys The Great Compromise: Set up & representation in Congress Congress = 2 houses Senate - equal representation House of Representatives - based on state population

Government Becomes Stronger Constitution gave national govt more power: Power to coin/print money; set taxes Raise armed forces Regulate trade A president will carry out nation’s laws Created Supreme Court to interpret laws

Government Becomes Stronger Constitution completed September 1787 39 of 42 delegates that were present signed the Constitution Needed to be ratified to become law Ratification = approval 9 of 13 states needed to ratify/make law

Approval of the Constitution Ppl took sides & tried to persuade others Federalists – supported Constitution & strong national govt Needed to keep country unified Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison Created the Federalist Papers to gain support Paper #10 : “A Republic, by which I mean a Government in which the scheme of representation takes place . . . Promises the cure for which we are seeking . . . .” - James Madison

Approval of the Constitution Antifederalists – ppl against the Constitution & new system of govt Thought went against what they fought for in the war Didn’t think would protect states’ power/ppls freedom Federalists got support but ppl wanted their rights listed States wanted a bill of rights added to ratify Constitution

Approval of the Constitution Most states ratified in 1787 & 1788 NC & RI didn’t approve until after in effect New US govt began operating in March 1789 Washington sworn in as 1st president April 30, 1789