Let’s Get Started Find a partner. S/he will be your partner for this class. Share your question, claim, and reasons with your partner. Respond to the three prompts on the back of your partner's paper. Does the claim clearly answer the question? Explain why or why not. Does each of the four reasons logically support the claim? If no, how can s/he fix it? Rank the four reasons in order of importance. 1 is the strongest reason and 4 is the least strong reason.

Foundation of Argumentation 1. The Question—what do you want to research/discover? 2. The Claim—answer the question “What do I think?” 3. The reasons—answer the question “Why do I think this?” 4. The Evidence—answer the question “How do I know this?”

Crafting Claims and Counterclaims SWBAT craft counterclaims based on a research question by developing opposing responses.

Building from the foundation Counterclaims create a stronger, more well-rounded argument. They are alternative answers to the question. A writer not only has to prove his/her claim, but refute/address counterclaims (secondary claims) 5. Counterclaims—answer the question “What are other credible possibilities?” Counterclaims are often viewed as the opposite of the claim. What have we seen so far…

Three Ways of Meeting Oppression Claim: Oppressed people deal with their oppression in three characteristic ways. The optimal way: nonviolent resistance Counterclaim 1: acquiescence Counterclaim 2: violence For each counterclaim, King (1) provided evidence to demonstrate the validity of the claim and (2) explained using evidence why nonviolent resistance is preferred.

The Opposition! Counterclaims can literally be the opposite of your claim. Question: How should Tucson High address the increased violence on campus? Claim: Tucson High needs armed security on campus to reduce incidences of violence. Counterclaim: Armed security does not reduce violence on high school campuses. Counterclaim: Students will transfer form Tucson High because of the increased violence. Are both examples logical counterclaims?

Logic! A counterclaim, like the claim, must logically and clearly respond to the prompt. Like Gold Five claims and counter claims must stay on target! The Force cannot save you if you lose track of your target!

Your Turn—with your partner… Write a claim and counterclaim as a response to one of these prompts. 1. How accurately do standardized tests measure student ability? Why are the arts important in public education? 3. How does technology impact interpersonal relationships? 4. How do photoshopped images in magazines and advertisements impact self perception?

Consider your question… Write your question and the draft of your claim. Now consider alternative possibilities. These possibilities can be 1. the opposite of your claim 2. the extremes of your claim 3. a nuanced difference from your claim. The primarily rule to creating a counter claim is that it must not directly or logically support your claim. It is different from your claim.

Peer Evaluation When you have finished crafting your counterclaims, share them with your partner for feedback. Respond to the prompts on the back of the counterclaims handout.

Next Class EQ Proposal EQ Flyer Introduction: State your essential question and define any terms or concepts related to the question Body: Anecdotal information on why you chose your topic. How does the topic connect to you personally? Conclusion: Posit a potential claim and your counterclaims. A flyer that that displays your question along with some images and/or quotes that connect to your question. Your flyer must contain: Your Name Your essential question Images and passages that relate to your question. Remember to put your sources on the back of your flyer. The flyer should be 8X11(standard paper) or 11X14(construction paper size).