Proteins – complex, shape specific, huge variety

C, H, O, N Amino acid monomer - there are 20, 8 essential in diet Formed into long chains – polypeptides Folded and coiled into a specific protein C, H, O, N dehydration synthesis!

Proteins are found in animal products Legumes, and whole grain carbohydrates 8 essential amino acids are found in the paired foods of most cultures: Beans and corn, fish and rice…

Proteins are for cellular function: • growth & repair • cell recognition & defense • molecule transport AND • to facilitate chemical reactions via enzymes the –ase suffix indicates an enzyme! contains lactose – a disaccharide

All reactions need a little ‘start’ energy; enzymes lower the amount needed

They do this by physically arranging the molecule(s) in a way that makes building or breaking bonds more likely. Molecule to be metabolized

Enzymes are specifc to the molecules they metabolize substrate (reactant) products

Enzymes facilitate the building of molecules …

…and the break down of molecules

The rate of the reaction is limited by the amount of enzyme

Temperature also influences enzyme reaction rate… Enzyme is denatured

…as does pH

Less than optimal conditions will unfold the enzyme - now denatured - and it will no longer function