Chapter 2: A Spatial Way of Thinking

Where a place is located & its physical relationship to other places, people, or environments is called what? SPATIAL Which one of the children in this cartoon is thinking in “spatial” terms?

A map that shows a particular theme, like population, borders, landforms or other topics is what kind of map? THEMATIC MAP

Any natural characteristic of Earth’s surface, such as landforms & bodies of water is called what? PHYSICAL FEATURE

Any natural feature of the Earth’s surface that has a distinct shape is called what? LANDFORMS Landforms include major features such as continents, plains, plateaus & mountains. They also include minor features such as hills, valleys, canyons & dunes.

What is the difference between weather & climate? WEATHER IS HAPPENING NOW WHILE CLIMATE IS HAPPENS OVER TIME

All the plants & trees in a particular area is called what? VEGETATION

Top 3 Most Populous Cities in the World The number of people who live in a specified area is called what? POPULATION Top 3 Most Populous Cities in the World Population (in millions) Tokyo, Japan 37.45 Jakarta, Indonesia 30.78 Delhi, India 25.45

What are the three most populated countries in the world? #1 CHINA #2 INDIA #3 UNITED STATES

Most Populated Cities in the United States 4. Houston, Texas 5. Phoenix, Arizona 6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 7. San Antonio, Texas 8. San Diego, California 9. Dallas, Texas 10. San Jose, California 23. Detroit, Michigan 1. New York, New York 2. Los Angeles, California 3. Chicago, Illinois

NEW JERSEY (MOST) ALASKA (LEAST) The average number of people who live in a certain area is called what? POPULATION DENSITY What U.S. state is the most densely populated? & least densely populated? NEW JERSEY (MOST) ALASKA (LEAST)

What does this graph tell us about the population growth of Earth since the 1800’s?

What are three factors why the population is increasing so rapidly? PEOPLE ARE LIVING LONGER BETTER HEALTH CARE/MEDICAL MORE ACCESS TO FOOD & WATER

Where do people live?

Any action that relates to the making, buying & selling of goods & services is called what? ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

A product or resource sold to another country is called a what A product or resource sold to another country is called a what? A product or resource that comes into a country is called what? EXPORT IMPORT

The height above sea-level is called what? ELEVATION The biggest & tallest mountain range in the world is what? HIMALAYAIANS & MT. EVEREST IS THE TALLEST MOUNTAIN

The two longest rivers in the world are what? NILE RIVER & AMAZON RIVER

The longest river in the United States is what? MISSOURI RIVER Hint: it is NOT the Mississippi River

Where is the biggest area of fresh water in the world? THE GREAT LAKES HURON ONTARIO MICHIGAN ERIE SUPERIOR

CLIMATE ZONES COOL TEMPERATE, MOIST

MID-LATITUDE HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATES TYPES CHARACTERISTICS VEGETATION TROPICAL TROPICAL WET RAINY ALL YEAR ROUND BROADLEAF TREES TROPICAL WET & DRY HAS A RAINY SEASON GRASSLANDS & SAVANNA DRY DESERT LESS THAN 10 INCHES OF RAIN SPECIALLY ADAPTED PLANTS SEMI-ARID UP TO 20 INCHES OF RAIN GRASSLANDS CALLED STEPPE MID-LATITUDE MEDITERRANEAN WET WINTER PLANTS THAT HAVE ADAPTED TO A DRY SEASON IN THE SUMMER MARINE WEST COAST RAINY YEAR ROUND MIXED FORESTS OF BROADLEAF & NEEDLE-LEAF TREES OR ONLY NEEDLE-LEAF TREES HUMID SUBTROPICAL LONG, HOT, HUMID SUMMERS HUMID CONTINENTAL WIDE RANGE OF SUMMER & WINTER TEMPERATURES GRASSLANDS & SAVANNAS HIGH LATITUDE SUBARTIC COLD DRY CLIMATE TUNDRA PERMANENT ICE & SNOW ICECAP NONE HIGHLAND VARIES WITH LATITUDE, ELEVATION & CONTINENTAL LOCATION

Falling water droplets in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail is called what? PRECIPITATION

The biggest desert in the world is the Sahara in Africa. An arid region with plants especially adapted to dry conditions is called a what? DESERT The biggest desert in the world is the Sahara in Africa.

The process in which farmland becomes less productive because the land is degraded is called what? DESERTIFICATION

MIXED FOREST (DECIDUOUS & CONIFEROUS)

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Are resources that are used faster than can not be replaced by natural processes is called what? Are resources that can be replaced by natural process in a relatively short period of time are called what? NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES RENEWABLE RESOURCES

What are the five renewable resources? WATER (HYDROELECTRIC) SUN (SOLAR) WIND GEOTHERMAL BIOMASS

Examples of renewable resources are…

Example of Non-Renewable Resources are called Fossil Fuels; what are three of them? COAL OIL (PETROLEUM) NATURAL GAS

What country or region has more oil than any other area in the world? SAUDI ARABIA & THE MIDDLE-EAST What two U.S. states are the highest providers for domestic oil? TEXAS & ALASKA

THE MIDDLE EAST PROVIDES MORE THAN 50% OF ALL THE OIL IN THE WORLD SAUDI ARABIA IRAQ KUWAIT IRAN LIBYA

What U.S. states are some of the biggest providers for coal? This fossil fuel forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water over millions of years & it is what? COAL What U.S. states are some of the biggest providers for coal? PENNSYLVANIA & WEST VIRGINIA

What is the cutting of large areas of forests for human activities such as buildings for businesses & residential is called what? DEFORESTATION

“Thou shall plant two seeds for every tree thy chops!” Since the mid-1600's, about 300 million acres of forest have been cleared, primarily for agriculture during the 19th century. Today about only one-third of the nation is forested. “Thou shall plant two seeds for every tree thy chops!”

What are the two U.S. states that produce more lumber than any other states? WASHINGTON & OREGON

What is an area with one or more features that set it apart from areas called? There are four within the U.S. REGION